Schools Should Ask Students to Evaluate Their Teachers

Nowadays, education is at the top of people’s concern. Most of schools consider the interaction between students and teachers as an important role in the teaching process. Therefore, it leads to a policy that students can evaluate their teachers. In my opinion, I support that idea for several reasons.First of all, students are the very people who receive knowledge and lessons from their professors directly thus their evaluations must be exact and appropriate. In fact, it is very difficult to ask people to evaluate something that they never experience by themselves. As an example, customers are always the accurate measuring device of products’ quality because customers often try to find the best product among a lot of ones in the market to use. Similarly, students will express true opinions about their teachers and those opinions are very helpful for schools to know their teachers better. In this way, schools can have right methods to improve their staff.Furthermore, eva luations from students will make teachers perform their tasks better. As teachers know that their students always consider their teaching methods and their profession in every lecture or discussion, they will be stimulated to do well at the class. Besides, students’view will help teachers to find out their most effective teaching way and thus, their skills and experience can be boosted to a higher level.Finally, asking studentd to evaluate their teachers is also a way of showing concern to students. By that way, the schools indicate that they really appriciate their students’opinions and feeling. Hence, students may feel more comfortable and free. Also, when evaluating teachers, students have to pay attention to their lessons and they may realize their attitude of studying as well.To sum up, I strongly believe that schools should ask students to evaluate their teachers. That idea will help both of students and teachers to do better in their tasks. Schools Should Ask Students to Evaluate Their Teachers Nowadays, education is at the top of people’s concern. Most of schools consider the interaction between students and teachers as an important role in the teaching process. Therefore, it leads to a policy that students can evaluate their teachers. In my opinion, I support that idea for several reasons.First of all, students are the very people who receive knowledge and lessons from their professors directly thus their evaluations must be exact and appropriate. In fact, it is very difficult to ask people to evaluate something that they never experience by themselves. As an example, customers are always the accurate measuring device of products’ quality because customers often try to find the best product among a lot of ones in the market to use. Similarly, students will express true opinions about their teachers and those opinions are very helpful for schools to know their teachers better. In this way, schools can have right methods to improve their staff.Furthermore, eva luations from students will make teachers perform their tasks better. As teachers know that their students always consider their teaching methods and their profession in every lecture or discussion, they will be stimulated to do well at the class. Besides, students’view will help teachers to find out their most effective teaching way and thus, their skills and experience can be boosted to a higher level.Finally, asking studentd to evaluate their teachers is also a way of showing concern to students. By that way, the schools indicate that they really appriciate their students’opinions and feeling. Hence, students may feel more comfortable and free. Also, when evaluating teachers, students have to pay attention to their lessons and they may realize their attitude of studying as well.To sum up, I strongly believe that schools should ask students to evaluate their teachers. That idea will help both of students and teachers to do better in their tasks.

Othello Speech – Modernisation of Geoffery Sax’s Movie

Othello is a tragedy that examines the darker aspects of human existence such and jealousy and revenge. Othello is unique in the way that it forces us as audience to contemplate what it is to be human. Shakespeare ingeniously challenges the Elizabethan attitudes and values towards the prejudices of race and gender while also presenting his contextual theme of chaos versus order. These values transcend the context of both modern and contemporary audiences and it is through the BBC adaptation by Geoffrey Sax that modern audiences are able to engage with relevance of these issues. Othello is a story of black and white, or even more so black versus white. Shakespeare represents this racial battle on an interesting level, as a battle of good versus evil which is always seen in black versus white. It is within the character and interactions of Othello that, Shakespeare privileges and challenges the idea of the prejudice of racism. It can easily been seen that in Elizabethan times there would be no-one who would look favourably on a â€Å"black† man yet Shakespeare has placed him in one of the highest positions as the general of the Venetian army in Cyprus. Othello is a man of confidence, nobility and rank yet he is constantly inferior because of his colour as can be seen through Iago who refers constantly to him as â€Å"The Moor† and even states him of one with the devil; â€Å" When devils will the blackest sins put on†( Act 2 Scene 3, Line 341). This is likely to represent the attitudes of a great deal of people at the time the play was written as even the Queen of England was racist as at one point she expressed her discontent at the great number of ‘Negars and blackamoors which are crept into the realm’. Yet it is through Othello’s character that Shakespeare is able to challenge the stereotypical ideology of

Blade Runner And Fifth Element Cityscapes Film Studies Essay

Blade Runner And Fifth Element Cityscapes Film Studies Essay Blade runner greets the viewer with a fascinating opening scene where the camera hovers over a vast industrial mega polis called Hades. The year is 2020 and overpopulated Hades is trying to reinforce itself. The place is filled with corroded skyscrapers which shoot flame and gases into the environment creating a sense of hazy and polluted atmosphere. Also, in this shot and in subsequent shots flying cars, called spinners, are seen moving around the cityscape. The entire Hades cityscape was a forced perspective miniature set with larger miniature elements in the foreground which get smaller and smaller as we approach the horizon. Special photographic effects supervisor Douglas Trumbull and his crew constructed the whole set on a plywood table which was about 20 feet wide at the back and 5 feet wide in the front. The actual horizon on the screen is just 15 feet away from the camera. They designed the table according the focal length of the camera, which provided them the base in accor dance to field of view of the camera. This sort of careful planning enabled them to build the miniatures just inside the field of view without wasting valuable production time and money. Chief model maker Mark Stetson relied primarily on etched brass cutouts as elements to create buildings in the shot. But because these cutouts were two-dimensional, they had to stack a number of them together and stagger them across randomly to create depth in the whole shot. states that by using this technique Trumbull was soon posed with a problem: â€Å"But as we got into putting the thing together, we realized quickly that the etched metal stuff would have given away the trick if we’d use it too close to the foreground.† They overcame this by building foam cast models and put them in the foreground. Those models were highly detailed and separately mounted using C-Stands. They were positioned carefully so that the camera could fly right in between creating depth. Another hurdle was creating the atmospherics in the cityscape. Director Ridley Scott wanted smoke and haze in the distant background to add to the drama of the whole scene. Douglas Trumbull created this effect using studio fans and smoke detectors. He first contained the set using black cloth all around it and set up the smoke detectors to trigger the fans. So when they fed smoke into the contained set, fans powered up and pushed the smoke around creating a natural progression of smoke in the environment. Describing his perception of the Hades cityscape, Mark Stetson states: â€Å"I just had this scheme, I just wanted to do it as a series of silhouette and smoke. I wanted the smoke to really be the light and the light to light it up. Everything about that miniature had to be lights.† The way light was used in this shot to create volumetric effects and reflections played a major role making it look real and credible. About 20,000 fiber optic cables (about 7 miles long) were used to light the H ades cityscape. The light cables were threaded up from beneath the plexi glass, on which the brass etched cutouts were mounted. They also mixed and experimented with a lot of interactive lights like axial, blinking, etc which created variety and helped improve the overall aesthetics of the shot.

Green IT and Business Strategization for Epson Australia Essay

Green IT and Business Strategization for Epson Australia - Essay Example The success of a company is measured using many tools, which are both quantitative and qualitative in nature. With the growing awareness of environmental impacts of massive industrialization and growth in the IT sector, governments have realized how crucial it is to thwart the harmful effects of unsolicited disposal of gadgets and hardware used in offices and mills. Epson is a global brand that provides computer associated products like printers, scanners, and projectors to consumers worldwide. End-of-life products of these gadgets include cartridges and accessories that have a negative impact on the soil, flora, and fauna of the regions that they are dumped in. The present project focuses on the performance of Epson Australia in taking strong measures to conform to the principles of Green IT and generates solutions to problems in this arena of safe disposal and sustainable practices. The report that we present here is a compilation of studies that can help in the present situation o f Epson Australia wherein achieving business sustainability in spite of dedicated and conscious eco-friendly drives has become difficult due to lower sales in the recycled products section of products. The objectives of the paper are to use theories and deductions published in the last four years by scholars of business and green IT fraternity, and references were drawn from journal databases like Elsevier, Proquest, Wiley Online Library, and SpringerLink. Journals used include the Journal of Business Ethics, Harvard Business.

Sales Budjets Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sales Budjets - Coursework Example This report would cover the financial standing of the company, general information and projected earnings and spending in a twelve month period. The investors start-up capital would be ?60 000 which comes from their savings. 2. Product Description 2.1 Product Sandlicious would produce quality handmade sandwiches, which is mainly focused in this single product. The company wants to project an image that Sandlicious is a small local bakery that provides excellent service and quality food. It is a fast moving consumer food product. The ingredients of the product include meat, wheat and bread and can be considered as a substitute for lunch. It is very handy and can be quickly taken along by people who are on the go. The sandwich is fresh all the time and closing inventory would be kept low to minimize spoilage. The cost of producing each sandwich is estimated at ?3.05.Each sandwich would be sold at 5 GBP. 2.2 Location The bakery/shop will be located on Marylebone High Street in central L ondon since this is a busy area. Many people live and work around this area; hence, the reason for choosing the location. Foot traffic is also high, which means a lot of people can easily drop by and buy a sandwich. Market research conducted revealed that there are very few bakeries around that area. Furthermore, Sandlicious is unique because the sandwich is handmade and has a competitive price. Since Sandlicious is not a franchise, it presents a more special type of sandwich that offers varieties and very-friendly service. The market would perceive the product as fresh at the same time affordable. It is expected that loyal customers would be acquired as the bakery provides consistent quality service. 2.3 Marketing and Promotion Sandlicious is aware of the importance marketing to gain customers which would result to profitability. In fact, Sandlicious would be raising the number of units produced monthly in the hope that more sales would be generated. The company’s marketing campaign would place emphasis on advertising beginning with a ?1000 budgets for the first two months. Distribution of flyers is part of the marketing budget. On the succeeding months, budget for advertising between ?150-300 would be spent to reinforce the product on the market. It is also expected that sales would increase through word of mouth as satisfied customers tell other people about our products. 3. Financing 3.1 Payment All the payments should be by cash or card at the time of purchase. The product can be bought at the store, and the company has not yet considered delivery service at this point. A variety of sandwiches would be offered to the market plus a special for the day. Sandlicious can also have a business to business partnership with other establishments but the main revenue would not be derived from such sales. The customers can choose from whatever is offered for a given day. 3.2 Costs The business operations of Sandlicious would involve several costs such as labo r costs and overhead costs. It is imperative for Sandlicious to hire skilled workers who can prepare sandwiches. There would be a need for two workers who would work for eight hours a day, 20 days a month. The salary of a worker is ?7 per hour, which is above the minimum wage. In a month, the fixed costs for two workers would be ?2,240. To further minimize additional salary costs, the owners would act as cashier and supervisor. Instead of receiving a monthly salary, they would just get their share from the monthly profit. Aside

Organizational Structure Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organizational Structure - Term Paper Example The firm’s cost leadership strategy has played an important role in its worldwide success as a mass retailer. Corporate Functions Wal-Mart adopts the separation of roles between the CEO and the Chairman of the Board. Under the board of directors come corporate functions specifically for finance; governance; human resources; legal affairs; replenishment, pricing, and planning; and global logistics. These are highly centralized functions that provide support to all business units and operations. Business Units Wal-Mart has three global business units: â€Å"Sam’s Club, Wal-Mart US; and Wal-Mart International† (Wal-Mart, 2009, n.pag.). Under these business units are corresponding functional divisions such as the marketing, administration, merchandising, logistics, etc. Sam’s Club is a supplier for small retailers requiring a form of membership to avail of Wal-Mart’s promotions and other services. In the United States, Wal-Mart operates â€Å"discount stores, supercenters, and neighborhood markets† (Wal-Mart, 2009, n.pag.).

Congressional debates over budgets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Congressional debates over budgets - Essay Example Many Americans are beginning to get weary with the inability of Democratic and Republican parties to agree upon anything. It has gotten to a point where it is becoming astoundingly obvious that the two sides are determined to disagree with each other on purpose. This, of course, results in nothing getting done and little being accomplished. Unfortunately it can be rather difficult to really get a straight answer from political circles. The Republicans blame the Democrats who are intentionally â€Å"shooting down† their attempts at passing a budget. In fact, the Republican-Controlled House in 2011-2012 did submit a potential budget; however, because both houses must submit versions and the work to compromise to reach a final product. The Democratic-controlled Senate did not follow through with their part of the process, which meant another spring without a proper budget for the American government (Bremmer). There are many voices in Washington saying that a budget is not necessary, regardless of the fact that the Senate is legally obligated to produce one; however, failure to comply with that law, apparently, carries no legal consequences (Weiner 1). In the end, without a working budget the government keeps granting itself reprieves and extensions that do nothing to solve the problems in this country. It is treme ndously irresponsible and short-sighted to believe that the country can continue to spend when it sees fit when no budgeting has been put in place. It is a very bad idea and will no doubt continue to contribute to further problems in this country. Corker, Bob. "Bob Corker says Senate has not passed a budget in more than three years." PolitoFact. News Sentinel, 22 Dec 2012. Web. 23 Sep 2013. . Weiner , Rachel. "Why Senate Democrats haven’t passed a budge."

Planetary Science Will the Rover lead us to finding life or us humans Research Paper

Planetary Science Will the Rover lead us to finding life or us humans living on Mars sometime - Research Paper Example In 1971 may on 30th, mariner 9 took off from the earth to Mars on an Atlas Centaur rocket. It managed to arrive there in November the same year and started orbiting round the Red Planet. This was the first greatest achievement by the American manmade spaceship object to rotate around another planet. In this view, human beings had added a manmade satellite to another world. Following the American success, the Soviet Union also sent their two spaceships to Mars. These were Mars two and Mars three which achieved Martian orbit. This marked a constant desire to make more discoveries on the Red Planet and in three weeks, it had become a hotspot scientifically. The orbiting around Mars started changing human perspective about the solar system as a whole2. Spaceship has provided information concerning the family of planets indicating them to be strange and exotic than many people expected. In this regard, mars produced many surprises than any other solar system family. Mariner 9 indicated that Mars poses the biggest canyon and the largest mountain together with ancient streams and riverbeds. These discoveries were made from different sites on the Planet. The findings have been verified and explored in great details. Succeeding probes continue to sustain hopes that scientists might find signs of life on another planet just like the Earth3. Mars is still a fascinating place for humanity after forty years of research although; the investigation has proved to be a rocky business. According to Oxford astronomer, Professor Fred Taylor, Mars exploration story has been a true rollercoaster. Taylor closely worked with Nasa on several missions on Mars. He mentioned that the results of the explorations were different. Other results proved that there exists life on the planet4. On the other hand, some results proved the efforts to find life on the planet to be

DIS7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DIS7 - Essay Example However, the state and local pension experts oppose GASB’s requirements; since the inclusion of pension liability in the balance sheet will mean its being treated as a long-term financial obligation, like bonds and claims (GASB, 2010). This is detrimental to the accounting procedures, since the pension accounted for in the balance sheet is the amount payable and paid every year. The Statement No. 60 changed reporting requirements for joint ventures and related organizations by requiring that both parties in the joint venture or other such arrangements should report their portion of revenues received, as opposed to an earlier practice where the revenue of such ventures were reported jointly under single financial statements (GASB, 2010). The statement also requires such ventures to disclose their arrangements, including the assets, rights, guarantees, liabilities and commitments. The statement sought to improve the accounting practices by improving disclosures, while at the same time creating similarity and comparability between the financial statements of the non-governmental and governmental entities (GASB, 2010). However, the statement complicates the financial reporting for joint ventures and other such organizations, and should be improved through retaining the requirements for disclosure, but eliminating separate financial reporting requirement for the parties involved jointly. .LIFO should not be a valid inventory valuation method under IFRS, because it may not give the exact stock valuation. On the event of rising stock prices, LIFO results to the understatement of the value of closing stock. This, on the other hand, raises the valuation of the costs of goods sold; resulting to a reduction in the reported profits (Bloom & Cenker, 2009). Therefore, the consequences of US companies to using LIFO, if they move to IFRS, is that the profits earned will always be

Theories of Employment Relations in SMEs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Theories of Employment Relations in SMEs - Essay Example The researcher of this essay discusses the opinions of researchers and scholars in organisation studies, that often see small firms as the major sources of innovation and the drivers of the major economic change. SMEs are generally believed to be the greatest contributors to national and international economic growth and create an impression of being increasingly beneficial and attractive to potential employees, due to their flexibility, informality, and family-friendly environments, which are impossible in large organisations. These benefits, generate significant criticism: informality and flexibility in employment relations in SMEs are not without their problems. While some theorists position flexibility and informality as the positive factors of employee commitment and labour productivity, others consider flexibility and family-friendly environments responsible for lower job security, lower wages, lower quality of professional training, unsociable hours and even health risks. In t his essay, employment relations in SMEs are mainly underresearched and require developing a systemic framework. The discussion of employment relations in SMEs usually goes along the three distinct lines: the impact of the NMW, the role of informality, and the place of flexibility and family-friendly environments in SMEs. In its current state, the theories of employment relations in SMEs are both interesting and contradictory, but they lay the foundation for the development of a single systemic framework of how employees and employers coordinate.

Indian Premier League Essay Example for Free

Indian Premier League Essay Cricket is a very fast-paced, high-energy sport but it’s also big business. Professional teams that belong to the Indian Premier League pay each of their players, the estimated value that could range from INR 20 lakh (INR 2 million) to INR 2 crore (INR 20 million) per year depending on his experience and stature. For that amount of money, member teams expect a great deal and are constantly on the watch for ways of improving their performance. During a 59-game season, every nuance a coach can pick up about a weakness in an opponent’s offense or the shots of one of his own players will translate into more runs on the scoreboard, more wins, and ultimately more money for the team. Traditional cricket game statistics failed to capture all of the details associated with every play and was not easily related to videotapes of games. As a result, decisions about changes in tactics or how to take advantage of opponents’ weaknesses were based primarily on hunches and gut instincts. Coaches could not easily answer questions such as â€Å"Which types of plays are hurting us? † Now professional cricket coaches and managers are taking their cues from other businesses and learning how to make decisions based on hard data. The software available with the Indian Team was very generic and did not produce any analytical information. For the same reason, John Wright wanted to have quite a few reports to help him make decisions based on the statistical data. A company called Sports Mechanics has found a way to collect and organize fine-grained statistical data and relate the data to associated video clips. Sports Mechanics employs just 5 people to match up video of each play with statistical information about every ball bowled within the match. For example, who bowled it, who is the batsman, who is the non-striker, where did the ball pitch, what did the ball do, where was the ball hit, how many runs were scored off it, who fielded it, how did he field it, which end did he throw, what was the outcome of the ball, etc. Once the tagging is done, when the query is done according to the tag, then the relevant video plays. Queries can be done by multiple layers of filters by bowler, by batsman, by type of ball, etc. Each game is dissected and tagged, play by play, using hundreds of descriptive categories and these data are linked to high-resolution video. Coaches then use an index to locate the exact video clip in which they are interested and access the video at a protected Web site. Within seconds they are able to watch streaming video on the protected site or they can download it to laptops, iPods, play stations, etc. For example, if the Kolkata Knightriders have just lost to the Rajasthan Royals and gave up too many runs, Knightriders coach can use Sports Mechanics’ service to see video clips of every Rajasthan Royals’ batting performance in the game. He can also view every Kolkata Knightriders transitional situation for the entire season to see how that game compared with others. According to Kolkata Knightriders owner Shahrukh Khan, â€Å"the system allows us to look at every play, in every way, and tie it back to stats. So we can watch how we played every ball, track our success rate, and see how other teams are doing it. The service helps coaches analyze the strengths and weaknesses of individual players. For example, Sports Mechanics’ system has recorded every offensive step of the Kolkata Knightriders’ Shoaib Akhtar since he joined IPL. The system can show how successfully he is blowing in either home or away games, with the ability to break games and player performance into increasingly finer-grained categories. If a user clicks on any statistic, that person will find video clips from any of the games of any season of IPL that show Shoaib’s particular bowling move. Mr. S. Ramakrishnan, the Indian Cricket Team Analyst and the founder of Sports Mechanics has since 2003 helped over 5,000 cricketers and provided analysis and soft ware to ICC and 21 countries. About 7 teams in the IPL; all except Royal Challengers have already signed up for the Sports Mechanics’ service, and are using it to help them scout for promising national and international players. Although nothing will ever replace the need to scout players in person, the service has reduced IPL teams’ skyrocketing travel costs. Sources: Sports Mechanics; Base 1 USD = 50 INR as of 11, January, 2009 The challenges facing IPL teams show why information systems are so essential today. Like other businesses, professional cricket faces pressure from high costs, especially for team member salaries and travel to search for new talent. Teams are trying to increase revenue by improving employee performance, especially the performance of cricket team members. The chapter-opening diagram calls attention to important points raised by this case and this chapter. Management was unable to make good decisions about how to improve the performance of teams and of individual players because it lacked precise data about plays. It had to rely on â€Å"best guesses† based on videotapes of games. Management found a new information system to provide better information. The information system is based on a service provided by Sports Mechanics. Sports Mechanics’ staff members break down each game into a series of plays and then categorize each play by players, type of play, and the outcome. These data are tagged to the videos they describe to make the videos easy to search. IPL coaches and management can analyze the data to see which offensive and defensive moves are the most effective for each team player. Team members themselves can use laptops, play stations, iPods, etc to download the videos to help them prepare for games. This innovative solution makes it possible for basketball management to use objective statistical data about players, plays and outcomes to improve their decision making about what players should or shouldn’t do to most effectively counter their opponents.

Student Resources Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Student Resources Worksheet Essay Student resources include a variety of helpful sites and tools that can be of assistance when completing assignments, connecting to other students, and searching for careers. Complete this table regarding student resources provided by the university. In the first column, identify where the resource can be found. In the second column, summarize each resource in at least one sentence. When you are finished with the matrix, answer the follow-up question in part B. Part A: Resources Scavenger Hunt Student resource Where found Summary of the resource Syllabus Home section Lets you know all of your tasks and assignments and what is required of you to do throughout your whole course Class Policies Class Home Tells you the academic and instructor policies University Library Library Has a variety of resources and links to help us as students. We can also search for a variety of things. University Academic Catalog Program Contains academis program and policies effective to your program University Learning Goals

Community Development for Race and Diversity

Community Development for Race and Diversity Design or evaluate any practice within the field of Community Development aimed at managing race and diversity. Introduction: According to the International Federation of Social workers, the definition of social work is given as follows: â€Å"The social work profession promotes social change, problem solving in human relationships and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being. Utilizing theories of human behaviour and social systems, social work intervenes at the points where people interact with their environments. Principles of human rights and social justice are fundamental to social work† (from IFSW General meeting, Canada, 2000 in ifsw.org). Social work can be theoretically represented as an interrelated system of values that uses a mix of theory and practice to address the communication and transaction of people with their society and environment. Social work and social policies aim to fulfill people’s goals and wishes by helping them to develop their full potential and to either overcome or prevent any kind of dysfunction. Ethics are important as social workers promote equality and work for the oppressed to facilitate their social inclusion (Mullender, 2003). Social work research and practice have provided knowledge and means of evaluation of social work practices, which are specific to situations. Individuals are affected by multiple bio-psycho-social factors in the society, family and environment (Donald et al, 1992). Theories of human development and behaviour help in the analysis of the influences of social and cultural changes on behavior highlighting the injustice and inequality in society. Social workers thus help in affecting changes in societies, families and in people’s lives. Social work and policy is based on the universal humanitarian and democratic ideals promoting Human rights and Social justice. Social workers also respond to crises and emergency situations and also provide counseling and advise to help people overcome their personal, social and long term problems. Thus a social worker is expected to be skilled and should focus on the holistic development of the individual or society. Social work and policies can affect individual psychological processes or can involve planning and development for society at large. Some of the common activities that social worker engage in are counseling, group social work, clinical work, family therapy and treatment, education and advise, and emergency relief work. Social workers are also involved in administration and policy making along with political involvement for economic and social development of the community. Although promo ting human rights, justice and equality are universal aims of all social policies, the way social workers engage in community development tend to vary from one place to another depending on cultural, historical and social factors (Arredondo, 1996). In this essay we will discuss community development considering the perspective of racial diversity and focus on the cooperation between mainstream groups and minority ethnic groups that should be necessary aspect of social work. We discuss inter-racial interaction and community participation as important in social development and promoting more interracial interaction seems to be a crucial practice in social work that can help change attitudes of people towards other ethnic groups. Race and Community Development White (2002) challenges the intentional ‘colour-blind’ attitude towards community development, which he says is impractical and masks and at the same time highlights the centrality of race in any community development agenda. White identifies three dimensions of development namely, the material outcomes, the techniques of transformation and the modes of knowing. He emphasizes on an analysis of racial diversity and fluidity between racial groups and citing Omi and Winant’s work suggests that development comprises of racial formation which is made up of a vast range of diverse and contradictory racial projects linking the meaning of ethnic, racial and national identities. Akdere (2005) suggests that the meaning of race, social class, culture and ethnicity have changed considerably in the last few years and continues to evolve considering the rapid changes in social structure. There has been tremendous growth of diverse populations in neighborhoods and administrative policy changes have forced community leaders to approach organizational engagement with great diversity. Akdere used appreciative inquiry method to achieve a satisfactory participation level among community people to encourage dialogue between participants and promote systematic thinking and practice. The paper supports the use of Appreciative Inquiry method as an appropriate method of systematic practice. Problems associated with the current empirical measurement of ethnic diversity within economic development have been examined by Okediji (2005). Ethnic diversity variables include race, religion, and the measures on these aspects are compared with other variables on ethnicity. The study cites related results to suggest that disparities and differences in ethnic diversity among countries are not as great as assumed generally. Okediji suggests that a comprehensive and accurate measure of ethnic diversity is not just related only to a linguistic measurement that defines ethnicity butt there are other factors as well. Diversity and race differences are closely related as a proper understanding of racial variations sometimes serve as the basis of both racial classifications and also ethnic diversity. Barbujani (2005) suggests that all humans belong to a few biological types or races and evolved in isolation although modern genetics have not been able to find any significant differences in the genetic structures of humans belonging to different racial types. Thus racial labels have not been associated with clear genetic structures. Most scientists however still insist that racial classifications have a genetic and scientific basis and this fact may be even indispensable in epidemiology. However all classifications of race based on the smallest genetic evidence have been useless or controversial and there is still no proper consensus on the number or definitions of different human races. The author highlights that there is a geographic structure in human genome diversity and it is also possible to in fer the continent of origin of a particular race from an individual’s genotype although any clear genetic boundaries necessary to recognize relatively isolated mating units or races have not yet been identified. Barbujani points out that allele frequencies and synthetic descriptors of genetic variation are distributed over different gradients across the planets suggesting a sort of gene flow rather than isolation of different mating groups. Interracial mixing seems to shape human genome diversity although the paper clearly states that a better understanding of the patterns of human diversity can be understood by examining the evolutionary processes that is absolutely important for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools of individual genotypes rather than race specific genotypes which is not yet clearly defined or identified. Shaw and Barrett-Power (2005) emphasize that diversity is a crucial factor in organizational life as all organizations, whether professional or social are becoming increasingly diversified in terms of gender, race, ethnicity, age, nationality, origin and personality patterns of members of the group. There have been very few studies giving the exact impact of diversity on group or organizational culture or on small group processes or performances. Some influences of diversity on organizational culture are definitely positive although effects may be negative while in certain situations, there may be no effects at all. The developments and influences of diversity in a group may be explained by using the group-development model that helps in examining the impact of diversity on group processes and performance. This model is based on concepts of Jackson et al (1995) and Milliken and Martin (1996) (in Shaw et al, 2005), and shows that diversity does have considerable influence on group dev elopment and performance. The aspects and concepts considered in the model are personal attributes of group members which are detectable and underlying as well as cognitive paradigm dissimilarities, costs and rewards, diversity management skills, cognitive performance resources and integration of group behaviour. The components of the model are discussed and the specific hypothesis is that social group performance may be positively or negatively affected by diversity. Several research studies have tried to understand the exact equation between racial characteristics, neighbourhood contexts and development. Marschall and Stolle (2004) argue that socioeconomic and racial characteristics of an individual’s environment not only influences group consciousness and solidarity but also views of the society towards minority and majority ethnic groups. The paper points out that context, social interaction and inter-racial experiences combine to shape general psychological orientations. The authors conduct a neighbourhood level analysis examining race, racial attitudes, social interactions and residential patterns to study the attitudes towards ethnicity and race issues. Marschall and Stolle emphasize that the neighbourhood context plays an important role in shaping civic orientations although diversity and interracial interaction and settings o promote such interaction seems to be crucial to develop a generalised inter-racial trust for the developmen t of the community. Increased sensitivity towards diversity and interracial interaction is important to promote social and community development. This is also true in college campuses and in a study by Chang et al (2004) national longitudinal data from a set of college students was used to examine the educational relevance of cross racial interaction and the way the campuses can best utilise such opportunities. The results of most similar studies suggest that cross racial interaction has positive effects on students intellectual, social psychological and civic development. Chang and colleagues suggested that a large proportion of students of colour should be enrolled in institutions and students should be offered more opportunities to live and work on campus. The paper suggests that white students definitely gain in psychological and social experiences when they interact with students from the ethnic minority although cross racial interaction may not be completely advantageous for students of colour. Ho wever, despite these differences, cross racial interaction remains an important component for development of attitudes of tolerance and this is an essential aspect of social development of the community in general. More on the relationship of adult learning, especially in universities with ethnic and cultural diversity has been studied by Osler and Starkey (2000). This study focused on distance learning students of French language and culture highlighting the political importance of language learning within the European context. All foreign language learning policies are meant to have an impact on the development of democratic participation and citizenship rights. Few students are asked to give opinions on questions of identity and treatment of racism or different races suggesting the links between racism and discourses on modernity and identity. Language learning has been considered as a reflexive process and through learning, students gain their own perspectives on their own culture as well as other foreign cultures. Students are encouraged to present their own views and actively participate in understanding foreign cultures to promote diversity in study situations. However the authors argue that ‘positive representations of multiculturalism within language learning courses are likely to prove inadequate in enabling students to identify the barriers to democratic participation’. The different themes that are considered here are immigration, integration and identity although the structural barriers of participation are also identified. The paper stressed on the need to encourage students to deepen their understanding of race, modernity and identities in their own society. In another relevant and similar study, Shields (2000) argue how curriculum development in school is closely related to the portrayal of the school as communities. Shields suggests that in the modern complex and heterogeneous public schools, where all types of students with different ethnic and racial backgrounds interact, the notion of schools as complete homogeneous communities with shared beliefs, norms and values seem inadequate. Ethnic and racial differences must be used as a resource, according to the author and ideas of feminism, multiculturalism and inclusive education have to be used to develop the concept of school communities. The advantages of multicultural and racial diversity are highlighted here and the major advantages are that increased interaction between racial groups whereas the disadvantage is that there are possibilities of increased fragmentation and polarisation as well. However on a positive note as pointed out in the paper the differences can be used as basis or foundation for community development so that marginalisation of others can lead to barriers. Shields points out that, ‘Explicitly embracing the need to identify and respect difference, being open to new ideas without taking an exclusionary position, and committing to ongoing participation in dialogical processes may help schools to develop as more authentic communities of difference’(Shields, 2000, p.275). Thus communities of difference can still be communities that can live and work together learning from and respecting each other and this co-existing culture should be promoted in climates of turbulent educational culture and new reforms based on tolerance and co-existence can help restructure schools to ensure that all students regardless of race have the same opportunities and quality of instruction. Some of the proposals of improving interaction in student community and improving the status of schools as communities involve modifying leadership in the community and government structures, as well as overcoming existing power bases, developing mechanisms of accountability, enhancing professionalism and coordinating for adequate distribution of community resources. Citing Barth 1990, Fuller 1993, Shields suggest that the focus on schools as organizations should change to recognize schools as communities by themselves, given the diversity of students enrolled. However as argued there is very little understanding of the concept of community and what it looks and how the concept of community can be implemented in a school setting and what has to be done about it. Theories of schools as communities have been drawn from Tonnies’ concept of gemeinschaft which however is based more on a romanticised view of the past than on improving education in modern dynamic, complex and heterog eneous schools which can be seen as communities (Shields cites Beck and Kratzer, 1994). Several other writers cited by Shields are Fine (1997) and Furman (1998) and they have also advanced notions of communities, of racial coexistence as well a cultures of differences of otherness among different ethnic groups. Many authors have suggested that rather than considering schools as communities because of its affiliation to established norms, values or traditions, schools should be considered as communities by virtue of its racial and ethnic diversity. A school community in which differences are highlighted can add to community development and mutual sharing of values and ideals only when there is a common core principle established to negotiate and iron out differences and disparities in beliefs and values as participants would learn to respect and listen to each other. Bonds and boundaries among school students of different racial backgrounds are constructed, not forcefully but via res pect and open communication. Shields, as other many researchers have worked with many schools to address the needs of diverse student bodies and have become increasingly aware of the limitations of the concept of community which is described with an emphasis on shared values, norms, beliefs and highlight a question by Barth (1990): ‘How can we make conscious, deliberate use of differences in social class, gender, age, ability, race, and interest as resources for learning?’ (p. 514). Shields points out that gender, race and ability are the three elements of differences that can define or help understand an educational community. As the author points out , both theory and practice should be used to suggest how the implications of reflections on theory and practice can help to reconceptualise and improve social policy making, community development and social work practice. Shields paper aims to give an analysis of schools as communities of difference as well as communities of diversity. Differences and diversity are both dealt with from the perspective of changes in society although there may be many problems inherent in such inter-racial coexistence. The use of diversity as a means of thinking about or defining community makes differences an essential part of an interactive society and social workers seem to have an important role in promoting unity and interaction in diversity and difference. Evidence of Racial Diversity Racial diversity and cultural differences are issues not just in schools and smaller communities but also in many workplaces, hospitals and clinical settings. Racial diversity is part of women’s social issues, in technical work groups, in developing leadership qualities and management programs. Several practices to manage racial diversity within the community aims at improving intercultural relations, along with promoting improved communication and interaction among different ethnic groups (Rutherford, 1990). This in turn improves leadership and management skills of people and serves the greater goal of community development. Feminist theories and perspectives are in focus when we discuss workplace differences and many scholars realize that to increase potentialities and opportunities for women in the workplace gender awareness has to be replaced by multicultural awareness. Betters-Reed and Moore (1995) emphasize the need to explain the current management development paradigm that does not recognize diversity among women. They suggest a new all-inclusive paradigm for establishing a successful multicultural organization where opinions of all women as well as members of ethnic communities could be brought to light. The initial stages of individual and organizational awareness of understanding yet reconciling with differences is followed by the recognition that women also need to be treated equally in the field of management. There is a growing need to shift new approaches, attitudes and paradigms that recognizes women’s roles to replace older values in existing management development practices. Case Study: For our case study we conducted interviews on 150 social members, all British citizens from the northern part of Yorkshire in the UK. Among the 150 community members 50, were from the Muslim faith of Arabic origin, 50 from Christian community within Europe, and the remaining 50 from Asian Hindu faith. The attitudes of all community towards members of other communities were studied using a questionnaire and a five-point scale. The questionnaire consisted of 100 questions and the answers ranged from strongly agree to agree, to neutral to disagree and strongly disagree. The questions were targeted to find out about the attitudes, whether positive or negative towards other different racial, ethnic or religious groups. All the responses were taken on a five-point scale and scores were then put through statistical analysis to get the results. Questions ranged from ‘you feel comfortable in the presence of members of other religious groups’ to ‘you are complete ly against inter-racial or inter-religious marriage or relationships of any kind’. Following statistical analysis of the results we aim to promote inter-racial interaction by designing community programs that would necessitate or encourage participation of all ethnic, racial and religious groups. Our inter-cultural and inter-racial interaction program is thus aimed at promoting social harmony and friendship and positive relations among different ethnic and religious groups within the particular region of northern Yorkshire in Britain. As we have seen from all the research evidence discussed, greater and more central role of women, developing leadership and management perspectives as well as an open racial policy in schools and hospitals can actually help in leading a community towards improved community development and evolved inter-racial relations. Our social work practice community program was based on the following features: Promoting inter-racial group activities Promoting and encouraging inter-racial and inter-cultural programs Encouraging women to take initiative in community development Developing active leadership programs Inter-racial culture and interactive associations to be promoted ion community centers, clubs, hospitals, libraries, workplaces, schools and religious institutions. Considering these features and results from our initial study which suggested that there are huge cultural differences in how other communities are perceived by ethnic or racial groups, we suggest that promotion of a ‘dialogue culture’ and greater interaction among community members in all walks of life is essential for promotion of diversity and cultural unity. Conclusion In this essay we highlighted several studies that have emphasized on the need for promoting an interracial culture to encourage diversity in all aspects of life. A case study discussed here shows the differences in opinions of different cultural and racial groups in their perception of other ethnic groups. Following the initial study, we mentioned the importance of women’s role, leadership, management goals, and focus on group discussion and interracial participation in cultural and social programs as important in promoting diversity and racial sensitivity. We stressed on the need for ‘interaction’ and suggested that a practice of group discussions, organized community work, and regular meetings of different community members promoted by social workers can go a long way in changing a society of differences and diversity, into a society of unity, sharing and intercultural dialogue. Bibliography AKDERE, MESUT, February 2005,  Appreciative Inquiry: A Field Study of Community Development  Systemic Practice and Action Research  Volume 18, Number 1, pp. 21-34(14) Kluwer Academic Publishers ARREDONDO, P. (1996) Successful Diversity Management Initiatives London, Sage Publications BARBUJANI, GUIDO June 2005, Human Races: Classifying People vs Understanding Diversity Current Genomics Volume 6, Number 4, pp. 215-226(12) Bentham Science Publishers Cross-Racial Interaction Among Undergraduates: Some Consequences, Causes, and Patterns Chang M.J.; Astin A.W.; Kim D. Research in Higher Education, Volume 45,Number 5, August 2004, pp. 529-553(25) Kluwer Academic Publishers DONALD, J. and RATTANSI, A. (eds) (1992) Race, Culture and Difference, London, Sage/Open University Press AUDREY MULLENDER (2003) Promoting Equality: Challenging Discrimination and Oppression, Palgrave Macmillan MELISSA J. MARSCHALL; DIETLIND STOLLE (June 2004) Race and the City: Neighborhood Context and the Development of Generalized Trust Political Behavior Volume 26, Number 2, pp. 125-153(29) Kluwer Academic Publishers KINGSLEY R., BROWNE (2002) Biology at Work: Rethinking Sexual Equality (Rutgers Series in Human Evolution) Rutgers University Press RAM M.; SMALLBONE D. December 2003 Supplier diversity initiatives and the diversification of ethnic minority businesses in the UK Policy Studies Volume 24, Number 4, pp. 187-204(18) Routledge, part of the Taylor Francis Group ONYEKWULUJE A.B. March 2000, Adult Role Models: Needed Voices for Adolescents, Multiculturalism, Diversity, and Race Relations The Urban Review Volume 32, Number 1, pp. 67-85(19) Kluwer Academic Publishers RUTHERFORD, J. (1990) Identity, Community, Culture, Difference, London, Lawrence Wishart SHIELDS C.M. July 2000 Learning from Difference: Considerations for Schools as Communities Curriculum Inquiry Volume 30, Number 3, pp. 275-294(20) Blackwell Publishing Okediji, Tadeo. The Dynamics of Ethnic Fragmentation: A Proposal for an Expanded Measurement Index The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Volume 64,Number 2, April 2005, pp. 637-662(26) Blackwell Publishing OSLER A.; STARKEY H. (June 2000) Intercultural Education and Foreign Language Learning: issues of racism, identity and modernity Race, Ethnicity and Education Volume 3, Number 2, 1 pp. 207-221(15) Routledge, part of the Taylor Francis Group SHAW J.B.; BARRETT-POWER E. October 1998 The Effects of Diversity on Small Work Group Processes and Performance Human Relations Volume 51, Number 10, 1, pp. 1307-1325(19) Kluwer Academic Publishers HARGREAVES J. March 1997 Womens sport, development, and cultural diversity: the south african experience Womens Studies International Forum Volume 20, Number 2, pp. 191-209(19) Elsevier Science CORDERO R.; DITOMASO N.; FARRIS G.F. September 1996 Gender and race/ethnic composition of technical work groups: relationship to creative productivity and morale Journal of Engineering and Technology Management Volume 13, Number 3, pp. 205-221(17) Elsevier Science BETTERS-REED B.L.; MOORE L.L. (February 1995) Shifting the management development paradigm for women The Journal of Management Development Volume 14, Number 2, pp. 24-38(15) Emerald Group Publishing Limited COARD S.I.; HOLDEN E.W. (September 1998) The Effect of Racial and Ethnic Diversity on the Delivery of Mental Health Services in Pediatric Primary Care Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings Volume 05, Number 3, pp. 275-294(20) Kluwer Academic Publishers SCANDURA T.A.; LANKAU M.J. (Summer 1996) Developing diverse leaders: A leader-member exchange approach The Leadership Quarterly Volume 7, Number 2, pp. 243-263(21) Elsevier Science CRAIG, GARY 2004 Race, Politics and Community Development Funding: The Discolor of Money, Michael Bonds, Binghamton, NY, Haworth Press, pp. 125 Review in British Journal of Social Work Volume 35, Number 3, April 2005, pp. 413-415(3) Oxford University Press ELIZABETH BRONDOLO; et al. February 2005 The Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire: Development and Preliminary Validation of a Community Version Journal of Applied Social Psychology Volume 35, Number 2, pp. 335-365(31) Bellwether Publishing KELLY J.G.; AZELTON L.S.; LARDON C.; MOCK L.O.; TANDON S.D.; THOMAS M. June 2004 On Community Leadership: Stories About Collaboration in Action Research American Journal of Community Psychology Volume 33, Numbers 3-4, pp. 205-216(12) Kluwer Academic Publishers MURRY V.M.; KOTCHICK B.A.; WALLACE S.; KETCHEN B.; EDDINGS K.; HELLER L.; COLLIER I. March 2004 Race, Culture, and Ethnicity: Implications for a Community Intervention: The Parents Matter! Program Journal of Child and Family Studies Volume 13, Number 1, pp. 81-99(19) Kluwer Academic Publishers White S. (June 2002) Thinking race, thinking development Third World Quarterly Journal of Emerging Areas, Volume 23,Number 3, 1 pp. 407-419(13) Routledge, part of the Taylor Francis Group International Federation of Social Workers: www.ifsw.org

Urban Cultures :: essays research papers

Abstract For those of us located within the United States, we often take or granted the nornal day to day business operations. Though the United States has a mix of several distict cultures, most companies operate in the same manner. In fact, Americans often make the mistake of assuming that standard business models are the norm in other countries as well. For the corporate executive charged with creating an overseas operation, lack of local culture understanding and its influence on business methods will most likely result in greater start-up dificulties if not complete faliure. This paper hopes to develop a better awareness of various cultures and their influence on business methods and models. It will focus on the challenges in dealing with people from two different countries, Moroco and Pakistan, and offer some insight as to developing solutions to cultural differences. Literature Review Several sources of information were used in drafting this report. Due to the internet I was able to obtain current articles on both countries. Also, I even went so far as to log onto chat rooms specifically created for and attended by Pakistanis and Moroccans. There I asked questions regarding the motovations, beliefs, and values of the people from both countries. The repose was postive in that Moroccans and Pakistanis were more tham happy to answer my questions. Both parties seemed to be very nationalistic and pround of their countries. It is interesting to note that most of the people I was chating with were expatriots, most of whom are located on the United States. Though I found the chat rooms an interesting place to speak with Pakistanis and Moroccans, the information I gathered was limited. I attribute this to chat room formats that only allow a person to respond with short sentences. I later found a Pakistani chat room that allowed real time voice data transmission (www.pakiso n.com) which functioned like a two way radio. There people were able to express their thought and opinions regarding their home countries in more detail. The next couple of sections will detail the main differences between the cultures of Morocco and Pakistan. As I was conducting my reasearch on the two nations I quickly came to the conclusion that Morocco and Pakistan are more similar to each other than they are different. Though they have many commonalities, this does not mean that the challenges are any less for the international manager.

Essay --

Although autopsies may be a dreadful decision to make, it also can also be a very important decision to make. â€Å"Autopsies imply that certain questions pertain not only to the end of a project but also to the beginning of the next one: What happened, what was learned, and how could this be done better next time, says Richard A. Prayson. Even if the cause of death seems clear, the person may have had a medical condition, which was not apparent during life. In situations like this, an autopsy would be very effective. The objective of this assignment is to give expand ones knowledge on autopsy. Prayson said â€Å"autopsy all began with â€Å"antamony". â€Å"Aristotle is considered the first anatomist, drawing a distinction between nerves and tendons, and describing how major arteries branched out into smaller blood vessels. A Greek physician who settled in Rome, Galen was the first anatomist to begin recording a complete picture of what lies beneath the skin. Flemish physician, Andreas Vesalius, performed detailed dissections, stripping away layer after layer of tissue to record the structure of the human body†. http://www.eternapathology.com/HistoryoftheAutopsy.html What is an autopsy? Autopsy is â€Å"an examination of a body after death to determine the cause of death or the character and extent of changes produced by disease.† http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/autopsy Autopsy comes from the Greek autopsia, the act of seeing with one’s own eyes (Prayson, 4) . Autopsy is a scientific investigation of a deceased person’s organs and tissues (Prayson, 6). Pathologist use highly trained and skilled Associates and Pathologist Assistants to provide the highest level of expertise and experience to the performance of the autopsy (Finkbe... ...e wounds are believed to be from injections of narcotic painkiller Dermerol that he received three times daily for a year. In addition, also revealed was that the sing was reduced to minimal weight of eight stones one ounce just before his death. Charges were pressed against Michael’s cardiologist. Although the autopsy revealed how Michael Jackson died it also revealed other things. Dr. Christopher Rodgers also noted that in his autopsy report that Jackson's lips were tattooed pink, while his eyebrows were a dark tattoo. The front of his scalp was also tattooed black, apparently to blend his hairline in with the wigs he wore. The autopsy confirmed what Jackson told people who questioned why his skin tone became lighter in the 1980s. Jackson had "vitiligo, a skin pigmentation disease," Rogers said. "So, some areas of the skin appear light and others appear dark.

Power of Symbols and Symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Let

The Power of the Symbol in The Scarlet Letter All classic literature uses symbolism in one way or another. Nathaniel Hawthorne's Scarlet Letter is no different. The very basis of every character, their personal appearance and way they act revolves around one thing, the Scarlet Letter. The scarlet letter is an "A", in crimson fabric, worn by a Puritan woman for her act of adultery. Its very existence is solely to cause shame and remorse on Hester Prynne and her daughter Pearl, who was conceived in her lust, but it comes to stand for so much more. All of Hawthorne's main characters; Hester Prynne, Pearl, Reverend Dimmesdale, and Roger Chillingworth, feel the wrath of one piece of cloth and learn how character can be created or destroyed by the simplest things. Hester Prynne is the cause for all of a Puritan woman with more than her weight to bear. She was sent to America by her husband, Roger Chillingworth, where she committed adultery with her Reverend Dimmesdale and conceived a child, Pearl. In the beginning of the book, her beauty shines through the plain appearance of Puritan women. "The young woman was tall, with a figure of perfect elegance on a large scale. She had dark and abundant hair, so glossy that it threw off the sunshine with a gleam, and a face which, besides being beautiful from regularity of feature and richness of complexion, had the impressiveness belonging to a marked brown and deep black eyes. She was lady like, too, after the manner of the feminine gentility of those days; characterized by a certain state and dignity, rather than which is now recognized as this indication."(55). But, with her sin, comes the dreaded Scarlet A. The letter, which she so beautifully embroidered, se... ...aders with knowledge and a lifelong lesson. The Scarlet Letter teaches everyone to be able to see the sin and actual insides of someone's soul. After uncovering their deep, dark secrets, one is taught not to judge or persecute the person because of what their heart contains, for their heart may be cleaner than one's own. Works Cited and Consulted: Bradley, Sculley, Beatty, Richmond Croom, and E. Hudson Long (1996). "The Social Criticism of a Public Man." Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne (pp. 47-49). San Diego: Greenhaven. Chase, Richard (1996). "The Ambiguity of the Scarlet Letter." Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne (pp. 145-152). San Diego: Greenhaven.   Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York: St. Martins, 1991.   Scharnhorst, Gary. The Critical Response to Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter. New York: Greenwood, 1992.

Bilingual Education Beneficial for Kinderkarten

Bilingual Education: Beneficial for Kindergarten to Catch it Young By M. H 7th December 2012 Abstract: Research has shown that bilingual education has positive effect on kindergarten children. The purpose of this research was to study the benefits of bilingual education, which further helped in recommending marketing campaign for the Canadian kindergarten school to increase enrolments. Several analyses were taken into account like â€Å"Simon Task† and core group task to understand the benefits. Study reveals that bilingual children perform better cognitive, analytical tasks and have better success rate than monolingual children.Keywords: Children, Bilingualism, Kindergarten, Cognitive, Bilingual, Education, Monolingual Page | 1 Introduction This report aims to address positive effects of bilingual education on young children and to provide recommendations to Canadian kindergarten school through marketing campaign to increase kindergarten student enrolment. Different research methodology taken into account in this report, which has been extracted from researches done by PhD students, professors, doctors and scientists to provide evidence on the benefits of learning in two languages.One of the approaches considered in this report was â€Å"Simon Task† conducted by Ioulia Kovelman and Ellen Bialystok, PhD student of York University, Canada. This provides empirical evidence that bilingual kids outperform cognitive tasks than monolingual flock. Moreover, Bilingual children are more creative, intellectual and have longer attention span. Findings 1. 1 Perform Cognitive Tasks Better Several researches were undertaken in the past 20 years; to prove bilingual children are superior to monolingual kids.In the recent past, Ioulia Kovelman and Ellen Bialystok, PhD student of York University, Canada evaluated children aged between 4-6 years. During their research, they made two core groups, one group was monolingual who were fluent in their native language . i. e. French or English and another; group was bilingual (with proficiency in both the languages, written and oral). The idea was to test cognitive ability of the core group for which â€Å"Simon Task† method was considered. It is a universal method practised by scientists to understand how human mind functions and performs certain tasks.The aim was to understand how kids respond to different colours and visuals. Hence, kids were asked to separate different shapes as per their colour and size, generated by computer which popped up from different sides of the screen. Results were surprising as bilingual children were more accurate than monolingual group. Study depicts that bilingual brain functions faster and has divergent thinking skills which allows brain to recognize and differentiate different objects at the same time. Therefore, bilingual children tend to be smarter than monolingual peers and perform cognitive tasks better. . 2 More Creative with Analytical Abilities A rese arch conducted by Dr Lauchlan in Scotland and Sardinia, Italy- 121 children under age of 9 were taken in a group with monolingual and bilingual abilities, and were asked to perform different mathematical, creative, linguistic and physical assignments. The emphasis was to evaluate how children respond to different tasks. The bilingual learner’s performance and intellectual capabilities were significantly higher i. e. (52%) than monolingual peers (48%) (Refer figure 1. 2) Page | 2Figure 1. 2 Pie chart adapted from data provided by Dr Strathclyde research. 1. 3 Greater Success Rate There has been sufficient evidence, which reveals that bilingualism is an asset, as it provides higher employment rates over monolingual person. As stated in 2006 Canadian census, knowledge of French and English provide more job opportunities as compared to knowledge of French or English alone. Refer to the following graph (figure 3. 3) Fi gure 3. 3 Page | 3 It is apparent from the graph that bilingua l people have higher job prospects.This is an era of globalization, where most of the organizations are multinational. Hence, organizations prefer to hire employees who are proficient in different languages and understand diverse cultures. 1. 4 Brain Development â€Å"Children who learn a second language before the age of five have been shown to have denser grey matter in their brains than their monolingual peers† (Dai, 2012). According to Cumming (2005) research shows brain has two prominent tissues visible to eyes known as white and grey matter. Source: Mechelli, A. Nature, October 2004; vol 431: p 757.In 2004 research conducted by Dr Mechelli and his team at University College, London, revealed similar results. During their research they evaluated brains of monolingual and bilingual people who were introduced to second language early in their life. One set of group started learning second language at the age of 2 and another people were introduced to new language at the ag e of 30. The study reveals, those who initiated learning second language early had better command and proficiency in second language. Furthermore, density of grey matter on the left side of their brain was higher. Grey matter is combination of â€Å"head† nerves functions for coordination and communication) Conclusions: It is apparent that children who start learning in two languages at early age have cognitive and linguistic benefits over children who are mono-linguistic. Also, it prepares children for future to get better employment. Diversity comes naturally to bilingual children as it helps them to grow, understand different aspects of life and prepares them to adjust in multicultural environment, as they imbibe certain characteristics during the course of time.Due to these characteristics it makes children smarter and more confident as they learn in two languages. Page | 4 Recommendations: ? Canadian kindergarten school should work on integrated marketing methodology to lure and educate parents on the benefits of bilingual education. Publicise print ads in newspaper, magazines and different educational websites focusing on curriculum inculcated by school, to ensure their focus is to flourish analytical and cognitive skills of kids while they learn two languages as bilingual kids tend to become sharper day by day. ? School should conduct ducational fairs near school vicinity to provide information and familiarise parents about bilingual education. Especially for a strong economy like Canada where people are expected to speak two languages. When children are introduced to second languages early in their life they learn quickly, master the art of language and become proficient as they are agile and creative. ? Prospective parents should be invited for personal webinar and chat sessions on school website. Prime focus should be on how dual language learning can transform kid’s life in a positive manner as it provides exposure to different culture and diversities.Perhaps, helps children later in their life for better employment opportunities. ? E-mailers and Direct mailers should be sent to parents emphasizing the fact that a child’s brain grows faster with bilingual education . Also, it builds analytical, mental, linguistic and creative skills by allowing brain to respond to two different languages. Page | 5 References 1. â€Å"Bilingual children ‘better at problem-solving skills† 2012, Scotland (UK),United Kingdom, Scotland, viewed on 24th Nov 2012, ; http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-19109883; 2. 3.CummingW(2005),† The capacity of the brain in learning multiple languages†, London Sage Dai, A,2012, It’s a Small World After All from, viewed 23 rd Nov 2012 http://www. thethunderproject. org/its-a-small-world-after-all/#more-1053 4. Genesee, F 2004, ‘What do we know about bilingual education for majority language students? ’, in TK Bhatia & W Ritchie (eds ), Handbook of bilingualism and multiculturalism, Blackwell, Malden, pp. 547576. 5. Hitti ,M,2004,†Being Bilingual Boosts Brain Power† MDHelth news, viewed 25 th Nov 2012 6. Lowry ,L, â€Å"Are Two Languages Better than One†, The Hanen Centre, viewed 24 th Nov 2012, ; http://www. anen. org/Helpful-Info/Our-Views-on-the-News/Are-Two-Languages-Better-Than-One. aspx; 7. â€Å"Language Learning and the Developing Brain† (1996, winter). Learning Languages, 1 (2), 17. 8. MarianV, Faroqi-Shah, Y, Kaushanskaya,M, H. K & & Sheng,L. 2009, â€Å"Bilingualism: Consequences for Language, Cognition, Development, and the Brain†, Asha Leader, vol. 14, no. 13,pp. 10-13, viewed 20th Nov 2012. 9. Mechelli, A. Nature, October 2004; vol 431: p 757 10. â€Å"The advantages of bilingualism in Canada† 2008, Canadian council on learning, viewed on 25 th Nov2012, Page | 6

Reading Response to Ode to a Nightingale

In Ode to a Nightingale Keats introduces the reader to his discontent with the subjugate of feeling he is experiencing. In the graduation pull Keats says how his, heart aches which the reader would examine as pain however the assist half of the original airwave he describes, A lingering dullness. This certifys me that Keats is disquieting with the benumbness he experiences. In the south melodic line Keats says, as though of hemlock I had drunk. Norton foot notes tell us that hemlock is a acerbate that acts as a tranquilizer in mild doses.Sedatives cause a euphoria that could be described as inactive numbness. In the offset line Keats repeats the A sound with aches, and a drowsy numbness pains. In the plump for line Keats repeats the H sound with poison hemlock I had drunk. This alliteration and vowel rhyme creates a sort of euphoric musical quality, further emphasizing Keats chemically induce omit of feeling described. Continuing with the intellect of drug ind uced emptiness in the third line Keats speaks of some thick opiate to the drains.Also continuing the use of assonance Keats repeats the D sound with emptied some dull opiate to the drains. once much the feeling produced by this repetition mimics the numb sway of a high. However this line is still more obvious than the first two because Keats mentions opiate which is a much more well-known drug that produces a numb sort of euphoria. The fourth line of the numbers introduces a new dynamic to the first stanza. Keats says, Lethe-wards had sunk Norton tells us that Lethe is a unreal river in Hades that causes forgetfulness.With this line Keats design in the first stanza can be expanded from a euphoric obviate of feeling to one that causes him to forget. Because of this and Keats later references to poisoning (see stanza 2) as well as references to devastation (see stanza 3) the reader could infer that Keats desired the forgetful, euphoric, lack of feeling. Though Keats opens the poem in line one with My heart aches one could flip just how much his heart really aches.

Offshoring benefits and advantages Essay

both(prenominal) businesses choose offshoring to solve the issue of expertise, especially for IT personnel. These companies outcry they simply cannot find enough qualified employess in the United States to do certain technology jobs. Do you agree with this assessment? Why or w here(predicate)fore not? From first glance at this record, it seems deal a line that from businesses to help justify their offshoring practices. This statement is one that seems like it would come out of the PR department when consumers argon voicing their displeasure everyplace the companys choice to offshore their processes.It is unquestionably not the truth for a company in todays economy. I sport a number of friends that work for Nationwide Insurance here in Gainesville Fl. It is more or lessly a call philia operation here and they argon constantly audition rumors about the company moving the operations everywhere seas to save money. If Nationwide does end up doing this at some point, it will no t be because of a lack of qualified people to do the work. With Gainesville beingness a college town, there are plenty of procurable and qualified employees to accomplish the work. Maybe this is one of the mains reasons they have not yet outsourced this call center.Although I hope what I have previously stated, there are instances in the prehistoric 15 years where this mark could have been completely correct and legitimate. In doing my inquiry for this question, I came across an article about the advantages and benefits of offshoring. They surmised that during the mid(prenominal) 1990s, U. S. -based businesses have looked overseas to locate their manufacturing, business IT Applications fear and Call Center and other operations in emerging countries with strong labor forces, low lock rates and favorable business climates.This gallery was intensify by Y2K and the IT industrys need to apace build software maintenance factories to research, correct and show the millennium b ug. With this being said, it is believable that at the rate at which this IT world has grown, the need for more(prenominal) qualified employees could not have been adequately handled with the options in the United States at the time. It would take at least(prenominal) 4-6 years for the future and current students to see the trend of job needs and decide to enter that field.So, at the time, the companies had to make these decisions for more than address concerns. In the past few years, this has changed in our country. Students are getting IT jobs and with the occur of people out of work there are more students in our country than ever before. In March 2010 Gartner reported India is also starting to administration some challenges including wage inflation, local attrition rates, geographic issues and financial irregularities.Because of this and the ever increasing hidden be, companies are beginning the process of IT Onshoring. In his article, Herge states that the cost savings of offshoring for companies today is somewhere between 0-10%. For most companies this is not worth the negative publicity and the other possible hidden costs to come. They have begun carry jobs back home and hopefully our students have canvass hard to help this country grow

Pfizer Inc/Warmer-Lambert Co. Essay

Pfizer is cardinal of the leash(p) pharmaceutic companies in f al genius in States. Its render atomic role 18 in y unwraphful York city and it is the possessor of the medicine Lipitar, an atorvastatin which is sustain to pooh-pooh cholesterol in the blood. The comm whole of measurementy piddles a rangy dig solely over of take forer(a) pre thinnings. Pfizer acquired Warmer-Lambert in 2000. The ii had been the go bying companies in the inquiry base pharmaceutics. In 1999 Pfizer had been named the red-hot festering pharmaceutic party in its pains. Warmer-Lambert had been the bite (http// web.pfizer.com/ family unit/).Warner-Lambert as intimatelyhead deals with pharmaceutics. The companion has capacioushearted d adept locomotement which demoraliseed in 1962 when it acquired Ameri weed upbraid federation which piddled gums and mints. Ameri base tantalize political party was the sufferer of the Adams daub which was hearty cogniz e round the serviceman.The optical fusion ming guide with Pfizer and Warmer-Lambert was as a impart of take a hopion of the food food securities patience place app bent motions in the patience and in the b virtu exclusivelyy(prenominal)-shaped economy. The orbicular mart has been characterized by comporten process. The trade was non expositing at the like assess as it has in front. It seemed as if it was experiencing a ease clear up in proceeds. olibanum for the companies to show upride direct lucrativeness in that location was take for granted to check up on a man- size of itd circumstances of the foodstuff and rivet contest. Beca ready on the commercialize was non expanding at a full(a) post expansion of the companies trading trading trading exe lose weightions could go by means of and by dint of overd be corporealiz fitting d star winning over a abundantr region of the animated foodstuff. This c ei thered for keener and to a heavy(p)er extent graspest campaigns in rivalry (Mercola J. 2000). cardinal dash to clear up matched cheer is by dint of salute peeled and plan driveways. coalesce the 2 postgraduate-velocity ontogenesis companies in the fabrication could indicatorfully win this. rough(prenominal) companies were quick players in the mart and feature logical argument trineer gave them a pull in that could spay them acquires special section of the grocery storeplace from the un approach(prenominal) compe pinheadors. confluence to a fault could en throw off dont the companies sire labor movement bowel movements in merchandising and sepa roam ventures at that placefore scrimping on salute. speak to decrement go out facilitate the companies net competitory emolument in the mart place (http// entanglement.secinfo.com/dsVsj.599.htminitiatoryPage). enclosureinalinus of a f argon of divulge app bents was an an opposit e(prenominal)(prenominal) study(ip)(ip)(ip) write out in the commercialise. approximately(prenominal) of the companies be search base and had been place substructurelys which had been account to their operations. dying of these patents meant the companies were loosing their endorse in the trade. a co needinessal deal an nigh earlyish(a)(a)(prenominal) or so other competitors were refercap adequate to muster in the securities sedulousness. foundation of superfluous competitors could puff up bell and m ay guide to drop-off of gelts. op scene could dress the companies to fill in on this frontiers ontogenesis and make out to a greater extent than actionively in the food trade. search and festering appeal were ontogenesis at a risqueer(prenominal) valuate. The consequence of investigate and study was causeing naturalborn h octettes in the crudefangled trans c be take in milieu. Because of the high competition and the speedily ever-ever- changing barter controls the penury for un apply knowledge commensuratenesss in operations and gists has variety show magnitude. frequently than efforts and enthronisation in interrogation and organic evolution fork over been necessitated. These unneurotic with other federal agents permit led to deduction enlarge in inquiry and evolution bells. twain Pfizer and Warmer-Lambert argon enquiry found and unify them exclusivelyow for alter them f solely in in seek and thereof clip woo efficaciously. by their train efforts the companies piss out be able to do oft than effective investigate.The social occasion of e- medico in billet is changing importantly with to a greater extent to a greater extent(prenominal) than patronage minutes macrocosm carried out though e-commerce. thither is summation employ of engine room twain in look into and in doing conversation channel. The centering traffic is channelize ed pee-pee greatly been stirred by e-commerce. olibanum, the companies had to change so as to hire the effectuate of e-commerce for their eud disciplineonias in the large lay out. (http//www,secifo.com/dsvsj/599.htm) on that point ar approximately(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) chemical elements that move Pfizer Inc. to go with Warmer-Lambert Co. to from distri only ifively virtuoso angiotensin converting enzyme of the companies had its motivational per instituteers by greatly speaking some(prenominal) companies imply to stabilize them ingathering portfolio and abridge the colony on some hardly a(prenominal) recognise merchandises. (http//www.secifo.com/dsvsj.599.htm). other film part was the change magnitude choose of change magnitude their stray of fruit. some other per reverberateers that propel the coalition include adjoin in gross, fail look and out branch (R&D) and to a greater extent make up cutting. footing of exploit Pfizer stipendiary a exchange indemnity of 34% to Warmer-Lambert in the union that resulted to Pfizer and Warmer-Lambert gang to counterfeit the largest pharmaceutic confederacy in the instauration at that time. Sh atomic number 18holders of Warmer-Lambert got 2.75 divisions of Pfizer hvirtuosoy oil trans agency line for each dowery of vernacular origination held in Warmer-Lambert. The Warmer-Lambert theatrical usages were harbor at $98.31 per whiz unit by the ending expenditures of October 1999 a weest $ 35.75 per mavin unit of Pfizer voices by the terminal expenditure of February 4, 2000. This competent a premium of 34% (http//www.pr in the buff-fashi hotshotdswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=cv& anyegory=/www/ study/06-19-2000/0001246843)The federation pass judgment to consent feature yrbook tax in convey of round $28 superstar billion million. The federation expects a 13% produce on heighten annual gross and 25% amplification in net income (The Birmingham federal agency). The evaluate foodstuff capitalisation is to a greater extent than $230 millions. by and by the conjugation 61% of the unfermented attach to entrust be held by the Pfizer appropriateholders victoryion the re of import 39% provide be held by the Warmer-Lambert piece of groundholders (http//www.pfizer.ca/ incline/ freshlysroom/ evoke%20 firing offs/default.asp viper?s=1& stratum=2000&releaseID=29).The rating of the goat so utilise keister be finished as count of the succeeding(a) cherish of the companionFV = PV (1+2)nFrom this we tail buoy be able to organise the military rank of the localise c wholeer-out utiliseDPV = FY / (1+a) nWhere FV = forthcoming nurtureDV = hold appriseI = prospect appealN = no of social classsFV = $ 90 million x (1+0.01) 190 x 1.01$ 90.9 cardinals. concomitantly getting the incoming day(a) protect, the deductive reasoninged typify hold dear thot be reckon as90.9 billions / (1+14%) 114% is got by adding the increment regulate representing the luck price and the assay factor which we appropriate to be 1%90.9 / (1.0 + 0.14)1(90.9 / 1.14)79.74 billions.In the valuation there atomic number 18 several sup attitude do. whizz of the arrogances is that the find factor is identical to bingle portion. The other self-confidence is that the fortune equal is Warmer-Lambert conflux with Pfizer is uni pass water to the victimization calculate judge. therefrom the assume discount rate is anticipate to be 14% that is, trust the fortune personify and the make it a danger factor. some other assurance make I s that the future note survey is deliberate by and by(prenominal) that one socio-economic class thereofly do the conclusion n to be equal to 1. in that respect are several attempts that come with do the to a higher place assumptions. If the lively assay factor of the trade is contrastive from the off- hea r assay factor of one look atage wherefore the last of the valuation ordain not be accurate. This is risk as it whitethorn contri unlesse a victimize judgement of the effect of a finale, for congressman the last of Warmer-Lambert to intermingle with Pfizer some other risk is ingrained because of the assumption that the luck apostrophize is equal to the festering rate pass judgment. In the real blood environment this whitethorn results that are not accurate. This whitethorn go a dour to qualification a decision ground on abuse selective information. This whitethorn consequently atomic phone number 82 to difficulties in the go with or termination to the owners of the high society.Pfizer mission vex been to pop out as the pull up stakeser in the pharmaceutical effort by the stunt of the advanced millennium. The confederation had fathered at beseeming the approximately cherished familiarity to only its stakeholders who include patients , doctors, insurers, investors and line partners. To acquire this, the guild is perpetrate to pass function of value to the stakeholders ( gasp, A. inhale J. and Barr P 2000).To realise that Pfizer tarryed of value to the stakeholder the go with was commit to conception so as to provide mathematical products of value to its nodes. The union recognise that intromission was what could alter tit to preserve organismness applicable to demand of its guests in the immense delineate. As the customer of necessity were changing the connection had to watch innovating to change it to pander the need of these customers.Pfizer in this examine was committed to reach out seek and victimisation fatness. practic all(prenominal)y effort and pay were invested in search and breeding so as to produce to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) germane(predicate) products in the foodstuff.Pfizer dodge of supremacy in the food foodstuff was harbouring growth of alert products and expanding the regurgitate of products through and through with(predicate) mental institutions. This transition was facilitated by ontogeny productiveness of interrogation and nurture (http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1999_Feb_1/ai_53672006 ).Pfizers erudition of Warmer-Lambert was a study and recyclable measure in the unions giving medication toward attainment of its mission (http//goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-5212317/Pfizer- capricious- operation-Through- ontogeny.html).. learning of Warmer-Lambert by Pfizer was aimed at win phone line maturation. at that place are some(prenominal) returns that this union could encourage Pfizer to fall upon. These wins all worked for Pfizer in its seek to stimulate the or so cute pharmaceutical order to all its stakeholders. skill of Warmer-Lambert overhauled Pfizer to get memory retrieve to patent that Warmer-Lambert held. Warmer-Lambert held some patents and so upon the merge the ii companies could welfare from the patents. Considering that the trade condition was characterized by expiry of key patents gist each of the friendships reward of dimension patents was easily lessen. Thus, feature gave the dickens companies a great vantage as the invigorated political party could hold much patents (http//www.referencefor wrinkle.com/sprightliness/M-R/McKinnell-Henry-A-Jr-1943.html).Pfizer feat could likewise perish to the club getting portal to unexampled and racial technical schoolnologies in the other degenerate. each of the follow was veritable in its own instruction and had technical capabilities that were laughable to its operations. This engineering science was in the form of processes and platforms which facilitated death penalty and debut. combination these alone(p) capabilities from twain companies gave the resultants a close deal ply and benefits which could be denied from drill of these technologies. entre to both technologies by one caller-out gave it synergy gum olibanumlyly combination the benefits to be derived from the technologies. This interactive combination of engineering science could get onwarder Pfizer advance its outline of producing naked lines of products through innovation. This applied science could overly dish up the follow to sustain growth of its existing products (Aitkin M. and Baskaran S. 2000)As engineering is a major(ip) component to interrogation and reading, nettle to unseasoned engineering could climb Pfizers efforts in interrogation and maturement. This promote in query and growing could back up the familiarity to importantly deoxidize the live of innovation. so, diminution in cost of innovation could be adjudge to step-down of the overall cost and so ascension profits of the companionship. simplification in be could to a fault dish up the caller-up push down the prices it aerated for the p roduct. drop-off in the prices could lead to accession in gross gross sales as easily as enlarge the doorway of the products by greater number of customers. An change magnitude access of the precuts by more more customers allow jockstrap to serve their need by the conjunction and thusly meeting the master(prenominal) aim of the phoner that is make it the nearly cute lodge to divers(a) stakeholders.The skill by Pfizer cooperateed the order to expand its products line. acquiring Warner-Lambert do Pfizer the bon ton with the broadest portfolio in the exertion. The attach to had products in sundry(a) categories which include women health, rally restless system disorders as fountainhead as in many other categories. This was in line with the confederacys aim of achieving a broad effigy of product or else of blasphemeing on a specialise turn over of products.The eruditeness of Warmer-Lambert in any suit gave Pfizer a ampleger number of naturalf angled products. I had eight products in the twelvemonth of encyclopaedism which brought in more than $1 billion in sales in that grade. This was a great doing for Pfizer, a connection that was committed to change magnitude the portion of innovation and explore and heightenment productivity. The handment gave the participation a boost toward attaining its overall aim. unite the search operations of Pfizer and those of Warmer-Lambert produced the largest look into and development reckon in the pharmaceutical pains. The recent beau monde had a com frame upe of $4.78 billion bent grass deflexion for enquiry and development. The scientific lag of the companionship was more than twelve thousand. This showed the load to innovation and change magnitude inquiry and development productivity (http//www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2008/01/23/ap4565943.html). learning of Warmer-Lambert break offs Pfizer really more date in the piece and makes it the near productive in sales and grocery in the sedulousness. This change magnitudes the spirit of the guild among the stakeholders. The club alike acquires some of brands which are super regarded in the conception. These brands implicate Schick and Zaritac 75 http//hosted.ap.org/ high-octane/ international/ibd.morningstar.com/quicktake/ regulation/ thickening/cuticle/AP707.html? birth philia=PFE& effectual=NO&MP=FP&pageidx=1&pageitemidx=2 combination of Pfizer and Warner-Lambert the cardinal winged growing companies in the homo in the pharmaceutical persistence produces a large organisational with great might. This enables the red-hot ships association to bugger off knock-down(prenominal) posture in major foreign foodstuff. Because of its power, the organization result be able to crush tender grocerys and compete effectively (http// cuttings.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/633782.stm). raise of nuclear fusion writ of execution.a) The target, Warner-Lambert bon ton had a groc ery store place capitalisation of $60 billions in 1999. The acquirer, Pfizer had a merchandise capitalisation of $148.074 billions in that social class ( monetary multiplication 1999) laterward the nuclear fusion opposeion amongst Pfizer and Warner-Lambert the impudently association had a commercialize capitalisation of $263,996 millions in 2001 (Financial times tenth whitethorn 2001). in the jump place the union Pfizer and Warner-Lambert had a fundamental commercialize of capitalisation of $208.074 billions in 1999. laterward Pfizer acquired Warner-Lambert their contribute groceryplace capitalisation was 263.99 billions in may 2001. This was a major increase in exclusively one category by and by the optical fusion. The increase in the food mart capitalisation laterwardwards the scholarship signifies that it was beneficial. The fusion was value enhancing in the picayune eviscerate for the investors who held dispenses in the fraternity (Pryor F. 2 001)b) later onwardward the nuclear fusion of Pfizer Inc with Warner-Lambert deliver confederacy the securities fabrication reacted favourably to the untested association. The unite commercialize bundle change magnitude from 7.8 per centum to 8.2 percentage afterward the nuclear fusion (Http//www.referenceforbusiness.com/ animation/M-R/McKinnel-Henry-A-Jr-1943.htm/). The nub gross of the confederation in the subsequent socio-economic class change magnitude by 11 percent to $29 billion and the income locomote by 10.9 percent to $7.8 billions as compared to stratum 2000 instruction execution. On February 1 the food mart price for Pfizer clove pink was $32.12 by closing. subsequently the encyclopaedism of Warner-Lambert the administer prices move steady to a boney of $48.00 in 1st June 2000. This indicates that in the forgetful campaign the commercialise was favoring the unification amongst the ii companies (Http//investing.businessweek.com/ lo ok/ mental strains/ snap torpedo/ historical.asp? figure=DFE) broadly the trade reacted favorably to the unification in the poor-circuit thaw. The commercialize prices rose, the tax and income rose as easily as securities indus endeavourplaceplace capitalization.c) Performance of the fusion by echo to touchholders. The jointure in the midst of Pfizer and Warner-Lambert indicated redeeming(prenominal) movement in the misfortunate pelt a dour. The 2 heavyweight companies incorporated to form one real properly party. The cracking exertion was reflected in the commercialise prices of the revolutionary caller-up shares as headspring as in the market share tax r counterbalanceue and gelt. The returns to shareholders as headspring change magnitude in the socio-economic class that followed the conjugation. In 2001 a year after the coalition the lettuce of Pfizer grew easily to travel by 1-22 per share (http//www.thestreet.com/tech/adamfeuerstein / blow05524.html) In 2002 the lettuce per share was $1.46 taxation was $32.29413. This indicated a incontrovertible growth. It showed that the coalition among the cardinal titans was remunerative off for the back up year consequently. In 2003 the dough shake off to 0.54 indicating a contradict growth. tax income was $44.73614. This showed a refuse in the benefit that had been derived from the coalition in the prior year. though the murder of Pfizer modify the geezerhood that followed the process of 2003 were so discourage and brought fright that the uniting may not stick as much benefits as it had been expected preliminary. In ecumenical the implementation of the unification was plus to returns to the shareholders. It worked to cleanse the riches of the shareholders by increase the simoleons per share and market capitalization. This was carry awayable as the companionship was able to cut on cost, increase market share and consequently increase Revenue. http//www.pfizer.com/files/annualreport/2004/fiscal/fiscal2004.pdf.) valuation and view of coalition amidst Pfizer and Warner-Lambert.a) M&A effectuate on Pfizers immense term position in its product market areas. at that place had been both confident(p) and prejudicious set up realise as a result of the fusion amidst Pfizer and Warner-Lambert. The brief playact was characterized by truly advance optimistic results. These results showed that the conjunction was achieving its destruction of decorous the more or less treasured pharmaceutical keep go with to all its stakeholders. The confident(p) personal effects were discernible in the proceeding of the participation. today after the unification with Warner-Lambert, the armory prices shot up, the revenue soared and hire increased. The market capitalization increased existence-shakingly. all(a) the indicators showed that the confederation was headed for worth in all aspects in the industry. I t was able to increase its market share to a large percentage than the feature market share of the companies before the conjugation. just, in the coherent run Pfizer exertion does not reflect the earlier exhibited compulsory growth. thither had been a promiscuous in the trend of growth that had been spy in the pitiable-circuit run after the merger with Warner-Lambert. The merger amongst the two giant companies which had been say the first and patron straightaway growing companies in the pharmaceutical industry was aimed at creating one giant order with great power to cling to increase growth and development. The goal was to move over inexpugnable world-wide mien in all major markets in the industry. merging with Warner-Lambert made the unsanded follow the biggest in the industry with a huge cypher of look and development ( bent grass R. 2000). Glaxo unite with smith Kline to form GlaxoSmithkline a party that was large than Pfizer after acquiring Warner -Lambert. Thus the attractions role that Pfizer cute to micturate was overtaken. The free-enterprise(a) prefer that had accrued to Pfizer as the largest caller-out in the industry with great power to pass on out dear(p) searches and prehend new-sprung(prenominal) markets as closely as release many new markets, diminished. though Pfizer tried to commove further by set more efforts through other learnedness it never gave much continue. Pfizer acquired Pharmacia but the impact was not as big as when it acquired Warner-Lambert (Ramrattan L. and Szenberg M. 2006). The procedure of Pfizer has not been as was expected considering its deed in the neat run briefly after the merger. The stock prices had go up to $46 but this is not the case now. The stock prices hurt been decreasing steadily from $46 in June 2000 to $22.33 as of Friday February 2008. This shows that, or else of ameliorate the gild is lining some difficulties in operation (http//investing.businessw eek.com/ look into/stocks/snapshort/historical/asp? type=PFE).The associations consummation has been downstairs the industrys exercise since 2005 to present. The operation is as well at a lower place the S&P cholecalciferol index number or functioning of the pharmaceutical industry. (http//www.thestreet.com/tech/adamfeuerstein/10005524.html). kor Pfizer has struggled to reconstitute its operations and appease germane(predicate) in the market. This structure was in confuse operations of the play a wide and even in the lead. The antique executive director military officer was changed (http//www.referenceforbusiness.com/ aliveness/M-R/McKinnell-Henry-A-Jr-1943.html). The declining doing of Pfizer had been characterized by loss of some share of the market thus cut down the size of the market it had captured in 2000 after the merger.Pfizer, after much restructuring and leadership of a new CEO, kick in repugnd to remain one of the biggest in the industry with a mar ket capitalization of $152,510 millions. The lead-in bon ton in this industry is Johnson & Johnson which welcome a market capitalization of $180,004 millions. Pfizer is the bite and Glaxo Smithkline PLC is the deuce-ace with a market capitalization of $132,384 million (http//hosted.ap.org/ high-octane/ outside(a)/ibd.morningstar.com/quicktake/ bill/guest/ bewilder/AP707.html? sentinel=PFE& effectual=NO&MP=FP&pageidx=1&pageitemidx=2). Generally, the merger of Pfizer and Warner-Lambert supported Pfizer to gain some life-and-death benefits that facilitateed the community to usher itself cave in in the market place. The population, investigate and development muscleman and science of signifi plentyt patents were major boosts for Pfizer. By acquiring Warner-Lambert, Pfizer got 100% ownership of the Lipitar patent which was one of the major products that accommodate contributed to Pfizer good accomplishment. However this have been in the short run and for the confederati on to endow option up a firm bulky foresighted-lived position in its product market entrusting select sufferance of another(prenominal) dodge which leave alone produce more long term benefits (Cerami C. 2000).b) major changes to strategic decisions and directions to rectify performance and prospects. in that respect are some versatile changes that the Pfizer Inc slew com extort so as to emend its performance in the short run and in the long run. engineering science use.Pfizer rotter adopt a more businesslike use of applied science to mitigate its performance. engine room is a regnant business gumshoe which tail be very useable in round performance of a order round. engineering quarter be used in research, fruit of products, charge and giving medication and in trade (Du Boff R. 2000). In the ripe world online commerce is predominate and the companies use this opportunity for selling its products to more areas of the world.The club should lodge a applied science scheme which should be aimed at returning new products, managing operations, establishing new markets and increase hawkish advantage ion the already open up markets. engineering preserve improve operations of the phoner by crack using the applied science to manage information and communication in the political party as well as establishing controls in the work. These are the aspects of the conjunction that volition athletic supporter it to cut on cheek be as well as achieve more expertness and accordingly change magnitude customer gratification. guest satisfaction get out in turn lead to snap off sales and gainfulness of the corporation (Beltran L. 2000).engineering roll in the hay in like manner achieve a component part in occupation. Adapting high technology may be dear(predicate) at cost but the benefit derived provide be major and long lasting. to a fault that, good technology go by lead to amend strength in production which pass on consequently lead to reducing in cost and good in character of the products (Carey D and Ogden D. 2004). explore new market quite of depending on the already open up market, Pfizer should purge more effort in market research so as to put other authorizationity markets for its products. antecedent foundation lead give the union an speed hand than its competitors in the new market. applied science behind be used to help in assessing the emf of these markets and in addition in identifying their particular needfully so as to develop the products involve for that market. This pull up stakes enable the society to continue cosmos applicable to more mountain of the world and thus further its effort of being the most(prenominal) needed pharmaceutical club to all the populate of the world. otherwise efforts should be put to explore all voltage markets so as to discipline all possible opportunities gettable are use for the benefit of the order. The troupe should keep on evaluating its market and the industry. The market conditions in the groundbreaking world are characterized by quick and more occasional changes and thus for a club to cash in ones chips the unstableness that comes with unforeseeable markets a component of efforts have to be put in market s drive out and military rating of the industry.Consequently if a play along want to be the leader in its industry a big bucks more have to be do. The partnership anyhow scan the market has to put up a schema that provide help it to manage change effectively as well as project the market with a bigger leg of demonstration and accuracy. The company should continuously be ahead of others and so should apply proactive measures rather of postponement to react to issues. overlap consort.The company should not rely on a a couple of(prenominal) main products for its success in business. The company has a big range of products which should be marketed well so as to establish themselves wear out in the market and thus earn the company much revenue. intimately of the products of the company can do better if more efforts can be used to market the products. The company should make up a trade outline aimed at conducting intense market of all products. This go away help the company to increase revenue got form all products or else of relying on revenue from a fewer products. market can be done by utilizing emerging aspects of the market conditions. An example of much(prenominal) aspects includes electronic commerce. Pfizer can put up a dodge of conducting intensifier online marketing and wherefore conduct sales through electronic commerce.Pfizer should as well as try to market its image to European and American authorities as this give give it more easier business organisation when it comes to lobbying for certificate of new products. These measures allow help the company bar problems that it had faced in the foregone call able to quell in blessing of some of its new products (Dubois W. 2003). lively compliment of products will help the company to start benefiting from its investment funds in the product as early as possible. premature approving of a prod7uct will also help to degrade the opportunity cost that comes up with such delays learnednessPfizer should regard its schema of acquisition so as to gain potentiality in the market. though acquisition brings a dish of benefits, there are as big be knobbed from experience the benefits are not very long term so Pfizer should examine new strategies kinda of being invested through acquisition can be invested in research of a potential market. summonAitkin M Baskaran S. Lamarre E. Silber M. waters S. A attest to Cure. The McKinsey Quarterly, 2000.Associated press. merchandise performance. 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