An associative relationship between drug abuse and child abuse Essay

An associative relationship between drug abuse and child abuse - Essay Example Hindrances to data collection may include time to contact enough persons in order to get a proper sample. It may also include the reluctance or fear of the subjects to provide accurate data about a private and embarrassing matter. It might also be difficult for some to accurately remember the details of the situations involved. If sample size falls too low, critics might consider the data unreliable (Hopkins, 1997). Hypothesis Two: The same participants as for the previous hypothesis would be used for this part of the study. The items on the questionnaire used would also include probes about the different circumstances under which these persons were most likely to use drugs and how much drug use was associated with these times. They would also be asked whether they considered their actions toward the children to be dependent on the amount of drugs they used. Each questionnaire would also include the option to accept an interview. Those interviewed would be probed about the circumstances surrounding the most intense of the abusive episodes in order to shed light on the amount of drug abuse involved in the situation. It might, however, be a challenge to get persons to agree to an interview. Those interviewed would be probed about the circumstances surrounding the most intense of the abusive episodes in order to shed light on the amount of drug abuse involved in the situation. It might, however, be a challenge to get persons to agree to an interview. Obtaining clearance to enter the rehabilitation centre would prove problematic, and interviews that take place over the phone might be criticized as having lost the element of immediacy and the access to body language that would increase the depth of the findings.

The Feelings of Betty Friedmans on Womens Rights in The Feminine Essay

The Feelings of Betty Friedmans on Womens Rights in The Feminine Mystique - Essay Example However, looking at her own experience, she felt there was something wrong with the situation that urged her to look deeper and to conclude that something was amiss somewhere. This book ignited the consciousness of women on their rights to their own happiness. The interrelationship between social factors. The Feminine Mystique published in the United States in 1963 became controversial because of its contents that were contradictory to the women’s femininity at that time. In this book, Betty Friedman argued that women suffered unhappiness on a problem that she said had no name. On this, Friedman presented several factors that she thought were the causes of this unhappiness. Her theory was that â€Å"women have been encouraged to confine themselves to the narrow roles of housewife and mother, forsaking education and career aspirations in the process.† The interrelationship between political factors. In the later years after the war, Betty Friedman observed women going back to domesticity in spite of the rights won thru the â€Å"feminist struggle†. She took note of this as coming from political campaign she called â€Å"counter-revolution† against women after the World War II. To prove her theory that the pre-conceived idea of a â€Å"Happy Housewife† was not true, she made a research that confirmed her assertions to be right. She wanted to correct the adage that â€Å"the woman’s place is in the home†. Many people countered her contentions, and sexual counter-revolution took place. For example, in the work of Reed, she cited â€Å"Penis Envy† became the popular â€Å"psychological catch-all†, and was â€Å"the answer to women’s resentment against their inferior status.† The interrelationship between historical factors and her work. The conflict of reality on the lives of women after the World War II and the propaganda of the Happy Housewife program of the government led Friedman to think of the â€Å"mystique† in relation to her own life.

Assignment On The Fundamental Rights

Assignment On The Fundamental Rights All democratic constitutions provide for the guarantee of certain rights, which are inviolable and beyond the reach of the state. Rights arise from very social nature of man and which are the external conditions necessary for the greatest possible development of the capacities of the personality. Fundamental Rights are sacro sanct and the supporting pillars of democracy as a form of government and as a way of life. . Democracy and inviolable fundamental rights go together. In this assignment I would like to elaborate the Fundamental Rights under the Constitution of India. Constitutionalism is an achievement of the modern world. The following are the salient features of Indian Constitution. The longest written constitution in the world The idea of popular sovereignty Supremacy of the constitution Provision for Fundamental Rights Provision for Directive Principles of State Policy Provides Parliamentary system of Government Provision for secularism Encouraging Socialistic pattern of society Sovereign Democratic Republic Provision for Emergency Provides single citizenship Provision for single integrated judiciary Federalism The constitution of India has a wonderful preamble. The preamble is an introduction to a Constitution. It proclaims the source, objectives and date of adoption of the constitution. The preamble of the Indian constitution reads as follows: WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; And to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION. Demand for Fundamental Rights in India During the 19th century a demand for civil rights in India took deep root. The Indians were subjects and not citizens under British rule. Before 1947 India did not have national liberty, and the individual, therefore, could never imagine to have individual freedom with the complete set of guaranteed fundamental rights. As early in 1895, under the inspiration of Bal Gangadar Thilak, a swaraj bill was prepared and this thought in terms of a constitution guaranteeing fundamental rights. In 1928, the Nehru Report spoke of the need to have fundamental rights in the future constitution of India. In 1933, the Karachi session of the Indian National Congress adopted a resolution in favor of fundamental rights. But the British government did not accept the demand of the Indians to incorporate a list of fundamental rights in the constitutions introduced in India. Fundamental Rights: A Preface The Fundamental Rights, embodied in Part III of the Constitution, guarantee civil rights to all Indians, and prevent the State from encroaching on individual liberty while simultaneously placing upon it an obligation to protect the citizens rights from encroachment by society. Seven fundamental rights were originally provided by the Constitution right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, right to property and right to constitutional remedies. However, the right to property was removed from Part III of the Constitution by the 44th Amendment in 1978. The purpose of the Fundamental Rights is to preserve individual liberty and democratic principles based on equality of all members of society. They act as limitations on the powers of the legislature and executive, under Article 13, and in case of any violation of these rights the Supreme Court of India and the High Courts of States have the power to declare such legislative or executive action as unconstitutional and void. These rights are largely enforceable against the State, which as per the wide definition provided in Article 12, includes not only the legislative and executive wings of the federal and state governments, but also local administrative authorities and other agencies and institutions which discharge public functions or are of a governmental character. However, there are certain rights such as those in Articles 15, 17, 18, 23, 24 that are also available against private individuals. Further, certain Fundamental Rights including those under Articles 14, 20, 21, 25 apply to persons of any nationality upon Indian soil, while others such as those under Articles 15, 16, 19, 30 are applicable only to citizens of India. The Fundamental Rights are not absolute and are subject to reasonable restrictions as necessary for the protection of public interest. The Fundamental Rights can be enhanced, removed or otherwise altered through a constitutional amendment passed by a two-thirds majority of each House of Parliament. The imposition of a state of emergency may lead to a temporary suspension any of the Fundamental Rights, excluding Articles 20 and 21, by order of the President. The President may, by order, suspend the right to constitutional remedies as well, thereby barring citizens from approaching the Supreme Court for the enforcement of any of the Fundamental Rights, except Articles 20 and 21, during the period of the emergency. Parliament may also restrict the application of the Fundamental Rights to members of the Indian Armed Forces and the police, in order to ensure proper discharge of their duties and the maintenance of discipline, by a law made under Article 33. Classification of Fundamental Rights The Constitution of India in part III provides for six categories of fundamental rights. They are; Right to Equality The Right to Equality is one of the chief guarantees of the Constitution. It is embodied in Articles 14-16, which collectively encompass the general principles of equality before law and non-discrimination, and Articles 17-18 which collectively further the philosophy of social equality. Article 14 guarantees equality before law as well as equal protection of the law to all persons within the territory of India. This includes the equal subjection of all persons to the authority of law, as well as equal treatment of persons in similar circumstances The latter permits the State to classify persons for legitimate purposes, provided there is a reasonable basis for the same, meaning that the classification is required to be non-arbitrary, based on a method of intelligible differentiation among those sought to be classified, as well as have a rational relation to the object sought to be achieved by the classification. Article 15 prohibits discrimination on the grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, or any of them. This right can be enforced against the State as well as private individuals, with regard to free access to places of public entertainment or places of public resort maintained partly or wholly out of State funds. However, the State is not precluded from making special provisions for women and children or any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens, including the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. This exception has been provided since the classes of people mentioned therein are considered deprived and in need of special protection. Article 16 guarantees equality of opportunity in matters of public employment and prevents the State from discriminating against anyone in matters of employment on the grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, place of residence or any of them. It creates exceptions for the implementation of m easures of affirmative action for the benefit of any backward class of citizens in order to ensure adequate representation in public service, as well as reservation of an office of any religious institution for a person professing that particular religion. The practice of untouchability has been declared an offence punishable by law under Article 17, and the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 has been enacted by the Parliament to further this objective. Article 18 prohibits the State from conferring any titles other than military or academic distinctions, and the citizens of India cannot accept titles from a foreign state. Right to Freedom The Right to Freedom is covered in Articles 19-22, with the view of guaranteeing individual rights that were considered vital by the framers of the Constitution, and these Articles also include certain restrictions that may be imposed by the State on individual liberty under specified conditions. Article 19 guarantees six freedoms in the nature of civil rights, which are available only to citizens of India. These include the freedom of speech and expression, freedom of assembly, freedom of association without arms, freedom of movement throughout the territory of India, freedom to reside and settle in any part of the country of India and the freedom to practice any profession. All these freedoms are subject to reasonable restrictions that may impose on them by the State, listed under Article 19 itself. The grounds for imposing these restrictions vary according to the freedom sought to be restricted, and include national security, public order, decency and morality, contempt of court, incitement to offences, and defamation. The State is also empowered, in the interests of the general public to nationalize any trade, industry or service to the exclusion of the citizens. The freedoms guaranteed by Article 19 are further sought to be protected by Articles 20-22. Article 20 provides protection against arbitrary and excessive punishment to any person who commits an offence. Article 21 prevents the encroachment of life or personal liberty by the State except in accordance with the procedure established by law. The Supreme Court also ruled that life under Article 21 meant more than a mere animal existence; it would include the right to live with human dignity and all other aspects which made life meaningful, complete and worth living. Subsequent judicial interpretation has broadened the scope of Article 21 to include within it a number of rights including those to livelihood, clean environment, good health, speedy trial and humanitarian treatment while imprisoned. The right to education at elementary level has been made one of the Fundamental Rights under Article 21A by the 86th Constitutional amendment of 2002. Article 22 provides specific rights to arre sted and detained persons, in particular the rights to be informed of the grounds of arrest, consult a lawyer of ones own choice, be produced before a magistrate within 24 hours of the arrest, and the freedom not to be detained beyond that period without an order of the magistrate. Right against Exploitation The Right against Exploitation, contained in Articles 23-24, lays down certain provisions to prevent exploitation of the weaker sections of the society by individuals or the State. Article 23 prohibits human trafficking, making it an offence punishable by law, and also prohibits forced labor or any act of compelling a person to work without wages where he was legally entitled not to work or to receive remuneration for it. Article 24 prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 to work in any factory or mine or in any other hazardous employment. This has been provided to protect the health of future citizens, and also on the ground of humanity. Right to Freedom of Religion The Right to Freedom of Religion, covered in Articles 25-28, provides religious freedom to all citizens and ensures a secular state in India. According to the Constitution, there is no official State religion, and the State is required to treat all religions impartially and neutrally. Article 25 guarantees all persons the freedom of conscience and the right to preach practice and propagate any religion of their choice. This right is, however, subject to public order, morality and health, and the power of the State to take measures for social welfare and reform. The right to propagate, however, does not include the right to convert another individual, since it would amount to an infringement of the others right to freedom of conscience. Article 26 guarantees all religious denominations and sects, subject to public order, morality and health, to manage their own affairs in matters of religion, set up institutions of their own for charitable or religious purposes, and own, acquire and m anage property in accordance with law. These provisions do not derogate from the States power to acquire property belonging to a religious denomination. The State is also empowered to regulate any economic, political or other secular activity associated with religious practice. Article 27 guarantees that no person can be compelled to pay taxes for the promotion of any particular religion or religious institution. Article 28 prohibits religious instruction in a wholly State-funded educational institution, and educational institutions receiving aid from the State cannot compel any of their members to receive religious instruction or attend religious worship without their (or their guardians) consent. Cultural and Educational Rights The Cultural and Educational rights, given in Articles 29 and 30, are measures to protect the rights of cultural, linguistic and religious minorities, by enabling them to conserve their heritage and protecting them against discrimination. Article 29 grants any section of citizens having a distinct language, script culture of its own, the right to conserve and develop the same, and thus safeguards the rights of minorities by preventing the State from imposing any external culture on them. It also prohibits discrimination against any citizen for admission into any educational institutions maintained or aided by the State, on the grounds only of religion, race, caste, language or any of them. However, this is subject to reservation of a reasonable number of seats by the State for socially and educationally backward classes, as well as reservation of up to 50Â  percent of seats in any educational institution run by a minority community for citizens belonging to that community. Article 30 confers upon all religious and linguistic minorities the right to set up and administer educational institutions of their choice in order to preserve and develop their own culture, and prohibits the State, while granting aid, from discriminating against any institution on the basis of the fact that it is administered by a religious or cultural minority. The right under Article 30 can be availed of even if the educational institution established does not confine itself to the teaching of the religion or language of the minority concerned, or a majority of students in that institution do not belong to such minority. This right is subject to the power of the State to impose reasonable regulations regarding educational standards, conditions of service of employees, fee structure, and the utilization of any aid granted by it. Right to Constitutional Remedies The Right to Constitutional Remedies empowers citizens to approach the Supreme Court of India seek enforcement, or protection against infringement, of their Fundamental Rights. Article 32 provides a guaranteed remedy, in the form of a Fundamental Right itself, for enforcement of all the other Fundamental Rights, and the Supreme Court is designated as the protector of these rights by the Constitution. The Supreme Court has been empowered to issue writs, namely habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari and quo-warranto for the enforcement of the Fundamental Rights The Supreme Court has the jurisdiction to enforce the Fundamental Rights even against private bodies, and in case of any violation, award compensation as well to the affected individual. Exercise of jurisdiction by the Supreme Court can also be on the basis of a Public Interest Litigation. This right cannot be suspended, except under the provisions of Article 359 when a state of emergency is declared. Directive Principles of State Policy The constitution of India envisages a welfare state for the country in which liberty, equality and fraternity will prevail. Part IV, from article 36 to 51 of the constitution [16 Articles] deals with Directive Principles of State Policy. They are more or less elaboration of principles and ideals contained in the preamble of the constitution. They are the core of our commitment to the silent social revolution. They fix certain social and economic goals to be attained through a non violent social revolution. Classification The Directive Principles of State Policy is directed towards the establishment a welfare state in India. These positive guidelines can be broadly divided into three. Socialistic Principles The principles grouped in this category are socialistic both in their direction and content. Article 38 of the constitution directs the state to secure a social order for the promotion of the people. Article 39 of the constitution briefly lays down the basic philosophy of democratic socialism. It directs the state to secure, Adequate means of livelihood both for men and women Fair distribution of resources, that is, ownership and control of material resources of the community are so distributed as best to subserve the common good. The wealth of the nation should not be concentrated in the hands of a few Equal pay for equal work for both men and women The children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment Article 41 provides for right to work, to education and to public assistance. Article 42 directs the state to make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief. Article 43 directs the state to provide a living wage and conditions of work etc. Gandhian Principles Certain principles of state policy seek to organize the new order in accordance with some Gandhian principles, Article 40 says the state shall take steps to organize village panchayaths and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self government. Article 43 directed the state to promote cottage industries in an individual and cooperative basis in rural areas. According to the Article 46, the state shall promote with special care educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation. Article 47 directs that the state shall regard raising the level of nutrition Liberal Policies Directive principles under this category direct the state to secure for all citizens a uniform civil code to the people belonging to different religions. Article 45 directs that the state shall endeavor to provide and compulsory education. Article 49 provides that it is the obligation of the state to protect monuments or place or object of artistic or historic interest, from spoliation, disfigurement, destruction, removal, disposal or export .Article 50 directs the state to take steps to separate the judiciary from the Executive in the public services of the state. Article 51 stands for the promotion of international peace and security. Fundamental Duties The following are the Fundamental Duties prescribed by the Constitution of the nation under PART [IV-A] to its every citizen: (a) To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem. (b) To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom. (c) To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India. (d) To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so. (e) To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women. (f) To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture. (g) To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures. (h) To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform. (i) To safeguard public property and to abjure violence. (j) To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement. Conclusion The Fundamental Rights embodied in the Indian constitution acts as a guarantee that all Indian citizens can and will lead their lives in peace as long as they live in Indian democracy. These civil liberties take precedence over any other law of the land. They include individual rights common to most liberal democracies, such as equality before the law, freedom of speech and expression, freedom of association and peaceful assembly, freedom of religion, and the right to constitutional remedies for the protection of civil rights such as habeas corpus. The directive principles are aiming at the welfare state. The fundamental duties are for the establishment of a just nation which is socially committed. So all of these are essential for the survival of a transparent democracy. Modern Social Work is highly based on the rights of individuals. So knowledge of rights and duties become quite significant in the social work as a profession and as an area of study.

A New View on Writing :: Essays Papers

A New View on Writing As long as I can remember, I have always been opposed to writing. All through my school career, I have written mediocre papers just to get by. Every time I would hear a teacher say that we had a writing assignment in the near future, I would immediately plan the short cut, the easy way out. My senior year began as no exception. During my senior year at Schuylkill Haven High School my English teacher was a colorful, middle-aged woman named Ann Barton. She was without contest the most personable teacher I have ever had the pleasure of learning under. She actually cared how her student’s lives were going and would give sound experienced advice. She loved to teach and that passion was obvious to everyone who knew her. As my senior year progressed, Mrs. Barton and I became very close. She had noticed that as the year waned, I seemed to be more and more wary of graduation. Always able to sniff out the truth, of course she was right on. Everyday that passed I lamented every aspect of my life to come: college, family, careers, everything. Then the final week of school arrived, and even for Mrs. Barton an unexpected thing happened. My fellow seniors and I were sitting in her room before class discussing how we were going to manage yet another English class when Mrs. Barton walked in with her usual intense and disturbed look. She said in her heavy Scottish accent, â€Å"I’m done with class. I’m tired of this bloody school†. â€Å"It’s your decision. What do you want to do?† We looked one to the other for a moment, but no one had any idea what we should do. Then finally she said, â€Å"If no one decides than I will.† Immediately the plan became the appreciation of the beautiful day. We were all going out to compose an outdoor journal. Everyone sighed and slowly trudged toward the door. As I headed in the same direction Mrs. Barton stopped me and explained how she would love to read my views on graduation and my future, and that this would be a perfect opportunity to release my burdens by writing of the tensions I had been facing.

Japanese Culture

Normally, a people’s culture as the total way of life is as a result of the historical, socio-cultural developments of that community. The case is not any different from that of the Japanese culture. This development is clearly exemplified by the fact that virtually all of Japan’s culture such as the Shinto shrines, the beliefs and practices surrounding the shrine and the construction works are based on the myths and legends that were associated with leaders such as Sugawara no Michizane. Similarly, some of the architecture and practices were based on the beliefs concerning the pantheon of gods that characterized the Japanese culture.According to the Japanese culture, mythology and folklore, the Sugawara no Michizane is the proper name for the Tenjin, the indigenous spiritual force that is also known as the personification and the embodiment of the ideal Japanese scholar, politician and poet. As another name for Sugawara no Michizane, Tenjin stands for both sky and deit y, with the same denotation of ‘the god of thunder. ’ The history and culture of the ancient Japanese have it that Sugawara no Michizane rose through the ranks in the government during the late epoch of the 9th century.Nevertheless, at the beginning of 10th century, Sugawara no Michizane succumbed to the plot of a rival group which had traces in the Fujiwara family. This resulted in his demotion and subsequent deposition to Kyushu. This development would later herald his lonesome death which paved way for drought, plague and widespread deaths among the populace in Daigo Empire. The princes of the empire would also fall herein. It is interesting to note that after this development, there were endless spates of lightning rainstorms and heavy deluge.The gravity of the matter is that the locals interpreted these developments as phenomenal and supernatural attestations of the spirits being displeased and irked by the exiling of Sugawara no Michizane. This led to the building and construction of the Shinto shrine located in Kyoto. This shrine was later called the Kitano Tenmangu. In this regard, the office and post of Sugawara no Michizane was thus restored posthumously, while any mentioning of his exiling was totally expunged from the records (Samovar, et al 2009) .As if all the above is not enough, Sugawara became deified as the Kami or the Tenjin-sama of scholarship and learning. It is against this backdrop that most of the Shinto shrines in Japan are dedicated to Sugawara no Michizane. Another important way in which the beliefs, superstitions and practices related to the gods affected the Japanese culture is found in the culture of burial and funeral rites. Particularly, the act is known to have been rejuvenated during the fourteenth generation of Haji family. At this time, Nomi no Sukune as the descendant of the god Amenohohi was the supreme leader.As of the ancient days, during the rein of Emperor Suinin, the funeral arrangements and burial arrang ements were primitive to the core, to an extent that the deceased would be buried alongside his kinsfolk. The burial of Empress Hibasuhime alongside the clay images of 300 potters at the behest of Nomi no Sukune in lieu of living retainers and relatives on the account of the need to have a just government was the first breakaway from the somewhat devious culture. This paved way to the assimilation of the culture of burying people with clay models, as opposed to the living.With time, the culture of burying the dead with the aforementioned accompaniments soon became faced out. Similarly, it is the family of the Sugawara no Michizane that the Confucian movement as a religious way of life. At the same time, Confucian scholars arose from this group to supply the Japanese culture with the culture and spirit of intellectualism. The Haji, together with the middle rank of the Sugawara formed the society’s middle rank, mainly serving the ancient Japanese culture as courtiers.Conversely , that the ancient Japanese culture has its genesis of the belief in the gods is well underscored by the fact that the Japanese culture has been believed to have emanated from the gods. In a closely related wavelength, it remains a fact that Furuhito gave the petition of concerning the Japanese family and history. It is against this backdrop that the Japanese family and culture is known to have been divided into three stages. The stages start with the legendary point or stages; the period of loyalty; and the period of the decline of the Yamato’s family status.All the offshoots of the family are said to have descended from the god Amenohohi. Amenohohi on the other hands is said to have come about as a result of the gods, Amaterasu and Susanoo coming together in a procreating contest (Lebra and Lebra 2006) . The legend has it that Amaterasu took off to the cave, for which Susanoo followed in hot pursuit after her. At this point, Amaterasu is said to have swallowed Susanooâ€⠄¢s sword, giving rise to three girls who were known to be the children of Susanoo.Afterwards, Susanoo swallowed Amaterasu’s jewelry, with the spitting out of five boys. These five boys are known to be the sons of the Amaterasu. Among the five sons is Amenohohi. The fact that this above account is seen to be ubiquitous to among the Japanese is well underscored by its appearance in Nihonshoki and Kojiki letters; albeit the letters exhibiting variations in details. The Kojiki source has the Amenohohi as the ancestor of the Izumo magistrate and the Haji family among five other local magistrates.Despite the scantiness of evidence that would authenticate the accuracy and originality of the Haji account. It is suggested that the Haji sources originated from the Izumo who served in the Yamato courts and also as supervisors of funeral arrangements and pottery making during the ancient times. Investigation into the political and social institutions of the Yamato courts before the 645 AD Taika Reforms yield better and more productive information on the Haji family (Varley, 2000) .Both historical and archaeological evidence point out that the affairs of the Yamato courts and Japan’s primordial social and economic structures are known to have dated as early as the pre-historic era. This standpoint is clearly underscored by the historians’ agreement and approach of dividing the tomb period together with all its markings of religious leadership from the middle tomb period as characterized by heavier military paraphernalia and symbols.Given the above developments, it is easier to see that the Japanese culture was totally fixed upon concepts that bordered on: common lineage and history, to which it was believed that all the concerned clans emanated from the gods [Amaterasu and Susanoo]; common culture and common traditions and religious beliefs. References Lebra, T. S. and Lebra, W. (2006). Japanese Culture and Behavior: Selected Readings. New York: Prent ice Hall. Samovar, L, et al. (2009). Communication between Cultures. New York: SAGE. Varley, H. P. (2000). Japanese Culture. New York: McGraw Hill.

Description of the Organization Essay

The headquarters of the United States Air Force is located at Robins Air Force Base in Warner, Robins, Georgia. It has more than 300 flying and support units charged with monitoring and overseeing activities of the said organization. There are about thirty-six wings that comprise the Air Force. Each has a special mission or assigned activity with the cooperation of other flying units. Reserve units assist the Wings assigned to them and is categorized into 5 classifications namely: 1) Individual Mobilization Augmentee (IMA), 2) Ready, 3) Standby, 4) Inactive Ready Reserve, and 5) the Retired Reserve. The members of the specified reserve and wing units have specific qualifications, duly approved by law or decree of the President of the United States. The Recruitment Process The US Air Force employs a so-called recruiter. Its duty is to contact as much as possible eligible civilians to join the Air Force. Before one can become a recruiter, he/she must undergo specified air force training and some educational lectures on the organization. Recruitment is also tackled in the air force class, with senior military officers as the roster of faculty. The recruiter can also be a non-commissioned officer trained in the following: 1) US Military History, 2) Fundamentals of Management, 3) Principles of War, and 4) Basic Health Care (. http://www. afreserve. com/contact. asp). This is done so that the recruiter can answer the broadest and numerous questions of the potential recruited. Understanding the organization is a requisite for a person to become a recruiter. Nonetheless, being a recruiter necessitates the capability of speaking to a wide array of individuals from different economic and cultural/ethnic background. The US Air Force Civilian Employment provides recruitment and staffing services to almost all air bases in the country. Most recruiters are assigned to this agency. Websites are also posted in order for civilians, who have no contacts to certified recruiters, to have an opportunity to view the programs of the US Air Force. The pattern of recruitment however differs for US Air Force civilian employees and its military personnel (http://www. airforce. com/training/enlisted/index. php). In order to become a civilian employee of the said organization, one must undergo these steps: 1) a required reading of the job kit of the organization, 2) a submission of a resume, indicating educational attainment and other facts about the applicant, 3) the US Air Force Civilian Employment Center will search jobs applicable to the person, and 4) a formal approval of the base head. The recruitment of civilian employees is always connected to the proximity of the air force base to the residential areas of the would-be employees. The recruiters usually go to these residences (close to the field) and ask people if they are willing to join the US Air Force as civilian employees. Of course qualifications must be stated and the priority goes to the unemployed. A questionnaire is presented to the civilians willing to join the US Air Force as civilian employees. The questionnaire contains socio-demographic questions addressed to the civilian. A question and answer forum is the next step in the recruitment process. The applicant is required to ask questions from the recruiter about fundamental facts about the organization, its history, the jobs that can be taken, and other vital information. The recruiter is restricted from answering questions that requires enumerating problems in the organization. This is done to encourage the civilian to join the US Air Force. For civilians who want to become military personnel of the US Air Force, the same procedure is applied although this time the recruitment pattern becomes more complex. A special form of questionnaire is presented to the applicant; socio-demographic questions and a background check on the US Air Force are the main items in this type of questionnaire. The applicant is then asked by the recruiter on a scale of 1-10 how willing will he/she join the US Air Force. The recruiter here is not a civilian employee but rather a non-commissioned officer of the Air Force. After the applicant answered, the recruiter will ask the reasons behind the answer. The recruiter would then present to him/her the list of jobs available (in a particular base) for a military personnel. The reply of the applicant will be received after a couple of days. The applicant then will wait for the recommendation. The applicant must undergo several health tests before the final training begins. Key Issues in the Recruitment Process There are two major issues facing the recruitment process. First is the fact that many civilian employees of the organization are recruited based on the proximity of their residences to an air force field. Socially speaking, this trend may create an ethnic or social division in the Air Force itself. If most of the Air Force civilian personnel in Washington are of American Indian origin, this may affect the reputation of the air force base concerned. In order to avoid this instance, the US Air Force Employment Services posted websites that are accessible to many people. A number of recruiters are presented, and the center hires people regardless of ethnicity and religion. This consideration is also posted to a number of websites created by the US Air Force. Second, the fluctuating number of recruited personnel is due in part to the nature of the salary and benefits of the organization. Recommendations There should be two sets of questionnaires given to civilians who want to become military personnel of the organization. The first questionnaire is identical to the questionnaire given to the would-be civilian employee. This is done so as to identify the commonality of reactions of the two types of personnel; whether distinction in class affects the efficiency of the organization {it is possible that the civilian employees may feel inferior from that of the military personnel}. With regard to salaries, it must be increased to the level that will match the country’s inflation and exchange rates.

Death, the Result of Occurrence and Actions Essay Example

Death, the Result of Occurrence and Actions Essay Example Death, the Result of Occurrence and Actions Paper Death, the Result of Occurrence and Actions Paper Life is made up of chances to make choices, decisions of what you wish to do; the accumulated result of those choices is what you call your life (Goodness). As humans grow and experience life, they come upon different situations and opportunities that can drastically change and Impact their lives. Ultimately, It Is up to them to make the right decision that will either benefit or harm their future. However, people often fall to remember that they are living In reality and tend to make wrong decisions that do not have the desired result. Numerous pieces of literature depict how individuals fail to make the correct decisions that can often result in troublesome situations. F. Scott Fitzgerald novel, The Great Gatsby is a great example of how certain actions can lead to tricky situations further complicating life. The three deaths that occur In The Great Gatsby are a result of the decisions and actions that the volts make because they fall to see reality. A few people would claim that Myrtle and George Wilson died as a result of not living in reality due to the Jealousy, misery and misunderstandings that the couple had to endure. Myrtle and Georges irrational behavior and unwise decisions ultimately led them to their death. Even though Jealousy and misery were emotions that Influenced their decisions throughout their lives, It was their lack of attention and Inability to focus on reality that had, sooner or later, led them to their death. This also relates to another character in the novel, Jay Gatsby, who lets his emotions cloud his Judgment and fail to realize that it will only cause trouble and destruction in the end. When not living In reality, irrational and hasty decisions are made which can lead people to e caught In dreadful situations. Such decisions are made when Individuals only look at their own perspective of a situation, rather than being aware of their surroundings. This is continuously demonstrated in The Great Gatsby and occurs as a result of Myrtles death. It is clearly explicit in the novel, that Myrtle Wilson did not have any type of affection towards her husband. She constantly complained about George saying, The only crazy I was when I married him. I knew right away I made a mistake, (Fitzgerald 39). This mistake of marriage that Myrtle commits does not settle her satisfaction standards. This only amplifies her unreasonable behavior, ultimately leading to her death. Myrtle believed that she deserved a high-class man who was wealthy and powerful as opposed to the lower-class George. It was not a surprise that Myrtle would seek other methods to be with a high-class man. Myrtle was too caught up in her dream of being with the rich Tom Buchanan, that she was oblivious to the fact that he only used her for his pleasure. When Myrtle sees Tom with another woman In his car, she Is Instantly filled with Jealousy and anger. I Jordan Baker, whom she took to be his wife (131). The only thing Myrtle seems to comprehend is the woman in the car. She instantly believes that woman is Toms wife, when in reality it could be any woman in his car, that isnt his wife. This event builds up the tension and misery that Myrtle is experiencing when she is not taking reality into question. Myrtle then makes the irrational decision to stop Toms car, she ran out there an the one coming from Nor knock right into her going thirty or forty miles an hour (147). This incident demonstrates that Myrtle makes a hasty decision to pursue the life she once vision for herself. However, her wrong actions leave her to be ripped open, blood pouring out of her wounds, as road kill (151). The death of a loved one can drastically change a persons life forever. It is important for people to understand that they should not let emotions control their life. However, sometimes it becomes too difficult for a person to handle their out of control emotions, that they make the wrong decisions. In The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, it is evident that George Wilson, lets his emotions have control over his mind, leading him to make poor decisions as a result of Myrtles death. Myrtles death causes George to go into depression and behave as though he was sent to an asylum for schizophrenia. Then I saw Wilson standing on the raised threshold of his office, swaying back and forth and holding to the doorposts with both hands (146). This illustrates the distraught emotions taking a physical toll on George. Before the car accident, George was suspicious of Myrtle having a relationship with another man. l just got wised up to something funny the last two days, remarked Wilson. That is why I want to get away (130). George goes into a crazy frenzy when he comes to the inclusion that the person, who killed his wife, was the same person who she was having an affair with. Mires morbid, George, said his friend. This has been a strain to you and you dont know what youre saying (166). George starts to think irrationally, and sets out to find the owner of the yellow car, otherwise known as the death car and redeem revenge by killing Jay Gatsby (144). The reality that George fails to understand is that Jay Gatsby might be the owner of the vehicle but that does not entirely mean he is the driver that killed Myrtle. In the novel, it is clear that Georges misery in the loss of his love leads him to his death, it was after we started with Gatsby toward the house that the gardener saw Willows body a little way off in the grass, and the holocaust was complete (170). George committed suicide because he could not live from the pain of Myrtles death. In reality it is possible to live without ones spouse, all it takes is time. If George allowed himself time to help move forward in life, he would have been able to live his life as per usual. The consequences of making irrational decisions of not living realistically caused George o commit suicide from the pain of Myrtles death. Doing something generous for someone may be seen as thoughtful and kind, but it can also include harming oneself in the process. In the novel, The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby consistently puts Daisy Buchanan life before his. Gatsby is in love with Daisy since he first met her, and ever since then he has made it his mission to become the man she desires. Since a huge portion of Gatsby life was dedicated to Daisy, he remains Gatsby was so deeply in love with Daisy that he had an imaginary world in his mind that only consisted of them both. What Gatsby failed to understand is that Daisy was not patient and moved on from the past they had together, which Gatsby is still holding on to. As a result of his deep emotions for Daisy, Gatsby was determined to have the same connection they had in the past. Im going to fix everything Just the way it was before, he said, nodding determinedly. Shell see, (117). Jay Gatsby was so concentrated on Daisy that he forgot reality, causing him to make hasty decisions that evidently result in his death. He couldnt possibly leave Daisy until he knew what she was going to do. He was clutching at some last hope and I couldnt bare to shake him free (155). When a car hits Myrtle Wilson in the groin, the person that was driving the vehicle was Daisy. Was Daisy Driving? Gatsby replies with, miss, he said after a moment, but of course Ill say I was (151). This is example of how Gatsby protects Daisy and puts her life first. What Gatsby does not realize is that by protecting Daisy he puts himself in danger. When George realizes that Gatsby was the cause of Myrtles death, he becomes determined to seek revenge by killing him. If Gatsby had realized what was going on reality, he could have still been alive. Instead of taking the blame for Myrtles death, he could have explained to George what exactly happened during the accident, which would have been the more reasonable option. Gatsby based his actions on what he thought was occurring for him, which ultimately lead to his death. In conclusion, it is undoubtedly clear that the three deaths of Myrtle, George, and Gatsby in The Great Gatsby, were an outcome of their actions that were taken while being oblivious to reality. If these three characters were aware of their surroundings ether than being inattentive to the reality, their lives could have been spared. A decision that a person makes could possibly affect their future positively or negatively. This is why everyone should be aware of how they make decisions and take actions upon choices that occur on a daily basis. In reality people will have to overcome different situations that require them to make decisions, based on how things occur for them and take the necessary actions. Nevertheless as humans experience life it is a part of human nature for people to make decisions that benefit themselves in the future.

Learn How to Order a Drink in Italian

Learn How to Order a Drink in Italian One of the most delightful Italian traditions is meeting up for a pre-dinner drink between 7 and 9pm. Known as an aperitivo, this is a civilized way to wind down from the stress of the day and to whet your appetite for dinner. If you’re curious about how an aperitivo works and the etiquette when you go to one, read this:  How to Do an â€Å"Aperitivo† Right in Italy In order to take part in this tradition, here are three quick phrases to commit to memory: Prendo un bicchiere di (prosecco), per favore. - I’ll take a glass of (prosecco), please.Con / senza ghiaccio - With / without iceNe vorrei un altro, (per favore). - I would like another (please). If you want to get a bit more detailed, here are phrases that are more specific to: Ordering Wine in Italian Prendiamo un quarto di rosso della casa. - We’ll take a quart of red house wine.Prendiamo un mezzo litro di rosso della casa! - We’ll take a half liter of red house wine.Avete un bianco  pià ¹ morbido? - Do you have a white  wine that’s smoother?Mi consiglia un bianco secco? - Can you recommend a dry white wine for me?Prendo un rosso dolce. Solo un bicchiere. - I’ll take a sweet red wine. Just one glass.Vorremmo una bottiglia di Orvieto classico. - We would like a bottle of classic Orvieto.Un bicchiere di vino rosato, per favore. - A glass of rosà ©, please.Vorrei assaggiare un vino rosso corposo. - I would like to try a full-bodied red wine.Chi assaggia? - Who is tasting?Buono! - It’s good!Non mi piace. - I don’t like it. All of the above phrases will be really useful for ordering wine in a restaurant, too. You can learn some more phrases about how to order food here. Ordering Beer in Italian Some  popular beers in Italy are Tennent’s Lager, Peroni, and Nastro Azzurro. If you’re curious about other popular beers,  read this article  (note its in Italian).  Ã‚   Cosa avete alla spina? - What do you have on tap?Avete birre chiare? - What light beers do you have?Avete birre scure? - What dark beers do you have?Prendo una bottiglia di Stella. - I’ll take a bottle of Stella. Partaking of Other Drink Options Popular drinks to order during aperitivo are the spritz, the Americano, a Negroni, and prosecco. Bellinis, a popular drink made of peach juice and champagne,  was invented in the 1930s in Venice and named after the Venetian artist Giovanni Bellini. Vorrei un digestivo. - I would like a digestive.Prendiamo due Bellini. - We’ll take two bellinis.Vorrei qualcosa di analcolico da bere./ Per me un analcolico, grazie. - I would like something non-alcoholic to drink.Prendo uno spritz. - I’ll take a spritz.Due bicchierini di Jameson. - Two shots of Jameson.Un whisky liscio, per favore. - A whiskey neat, please. More General Phrases Cosa ti porto? - What can I get you?Ti offro. - I’m buying.Cosa prendi? - What are you getting?Quant’à ¨? - How much is it?Tenga il resto. - Keep the change.Servite ancora da bere? - Are you still serving drinks? And if you’ve done some more serious drinking while out with Italian friends, the next day you might want to say†¦ Ho un dopo-sbornia incredibile! - I have a hangover!Ieri sera ho preso una bella sbornia! - Last night I got quite drunk! Practice Dialogue And while memorizing the phrases that you’re going to say is certainly useful, it’s even better when you’re able to see everything in context. Here’s a short dialogue of what the interaction might look like: Bartender: Prego. - Go ahead and order. / What can I get for you?You: Prendo un negroni senza ghiaccio, per favore. - I’d like a negroni without ice, please.Bartender: Va bene. Altro? - Okay. Anything else?You: Anche un prosecco e due bicchieri di vino rosso. - A prosecco and two glasses of red wine as well.Bartender: E poi? Nient’altro? - And then? Anything else?You: No, basta cosà ¬. - No, that’s it.Bartender: Sono ventuno euro. - 21 euro.You: Ecco.Tenga il resto. - Here you go. Keep the change.

Assessing health care and needs of older person

Assessing health care and needs of older person Summary Caring for older people with dementia highlights many special and difficult issues for nurses and carers, such as separation, illness, loneliness, death and how to provide continued care (Morrissey et al, 1997, Livingston, 2010). Monitoring and questioning the way we care for people living with Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia is an important part of delivering the very highest standards of specialist dementia care. Aims and Objectives This study is about the assessment of health needs and the strategies of care delivered for an older person with dementia within the community observed during my recent placement. There will be discussions focusing on normal ageing process, taking into account the relevant biological, sociological and physiological perspectives and the impact this had on this individual’s life experience. Dementia Care Mapping and community profile will be introduced. The relevant epidemiology and aetiology factors will be examined and the social and kinship support networks will be identified, how they work together to provide individual holistic patient care, the impact it had on him in the community and finally the impact of current legislation on the overall care provided will be analysed.. The rationale for this is to demonstrate an understanding of the theoretical and practical links in caring for individuals with this condition in the community. Confidentiality is maintained in conjunction with NMC 2010. Thus a pseudonym (Scot) is adopted where the client’s name is mentioned. Context Scot is a 70 year old man with a long term history of psychosis. Recently he had been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease, a type of dementia, which affects the brain cells and brain nerve transmitters, which carry instructions around the brain. Scot is also a non-insulin dependent diabetic and has hypertension, both of which are controlled by oral medication. Aeotiology Dementia as a disorder, is manifested b y multiple cognitive defects, such as impaired memory, aphasia, apraxia and a disturbance in occupational or social functioning, Howcroft (2004).The brain shrinks as gasps develops in the temporal lobe and hippocampus. The ability to think, speak, remember and make decisions is interrupted (ADS, 2011). Disturbances in executive functioning are also seen in the loss of the ability to think abstractly, having difficulty performing tasks and the avoidance of situations, which involves processing information. Due to the decline of his mental state, he has been refusing access to his carer (his wife) and was at risk of self-neglect. Current medication He had been well managed on Quetiapine until he had stopped taking the medication and his psychosis had worsened. Quetiapine is an oral antipsychotic drug used for treating schizophrenia and similar disorders. Like other anti-psychotics, it inhibits communication between nerves of the brain. Frequent adverse effects include headache, agitat ion, dizziness, drowsiness, weight gain and stomach upset (Ballard et al 2005). Medical history Seven (7) years ago, he had a mild stroke. He has fractured both of his wrists and has no sensation of the heat or cold on his hands but can move and use his fingers perfectly fine. Referral Scot was referred to the CMHT on the 03 May 2011 by his General Practitioner (GP). He was seen by the CPN for his mental illness and was decided that Scot would be visited every day because of his past medical history.

2 page paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

2 page paper - Essay Example Since commencement in 2009 over $1billion has been promised to fund over 50,000 creative projects (Trump). This is overwhelming prove that Kickstarter campaigns are and efficient way of funding creative projects. This essay discusses gives the pros and cons of Kickstarter campaigns are an effective way to finance creative projects. At the start, Kickstarter campaigns were simply viewed as a platform of helping start up theatre companies and artist to raise the amount of money that is sufficient to get their projects up and running. Surprisingly, over time these campaigns have proven to be an effective way of raising money for well- known artists and projects (Cebulski 78). For instance, in 2012, a video game guru, Tim Schafer had aimed at making $400,000 but eventually he made $3.36 million. Additionally, Amanda Palmer, a musician had set a goal to make $100, 000 on a music album but ended up making more than $1 million (Trump). In spite of the immense success enjoyed by the kick starter campaigns in funding creative projects, there have been cases of failure leading to increasing criticism from skeptics. It has been observed that in the long- run, Kickstarter funded programs fail to materialize and get unto trouble. However, this failure can be attributed to the Kickstarter model that takes into account the two examples discussed above (Cebulski 78). Palmer was criticized for asking for help from local musicians after her big break while Schafer stated that his project was headed to exceed its budget. This leads to the conclusion that those that contributed to the Kickstarter projects were fooled. On the other hand, it is important to bear in mind that those that support Kick starter campaigns are not looking to invest or get the greatest value for their money. The logic of the Kickstarter campaigns is understood once an individual understands that the concepts follows the concept of a gift not that

Intergrating the sciences and Practice of nursing Essay

Intergrating the sciences and Practice of nursing - Essay Example Therefore, the name is Jack and for confidentiality reasons, the placement setting will be anonymous. The patient gave consent after clear explanation regarding the information that is necessary for academic assignment purpose. The information in the report came from the patient, patient’s medical and nursing notes. Jack is a sixty-nine-year-old gentleman who has Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) diagnosis for nine years. Since then, Jack’s health has deteriorated, and he has lost much weight. Jack stopped smoking in 2007 two years after he was diagnosed with COPD. Jack is a widower who lives alone at home and has two cares four times a day. Apparently, the wife died of breast cancer five years ago, and they have a daughter who lives 140 miles away and sees the father once in a month. The nurses admitted Jack to the admissions ward with shortness of breath. However, they later diagnosed the patient with COPD exacerbation caused by the chest infection. An exacerbation is the worsening of symptoms from their usual stable state (NICE, 2010). The typical symptoms associated with COPD exacerbation are degenerating breathlessness, cough with increased sputum production and change in sputum color (NICE, 2010). COPD is characterized with the obstruction of the airway, which the medical stuff cannot fully reverse and progresses over time (NICE, 2010). The progressive narrowing of peripheral, airways are making it difficult and eventually impossible to breath cause the airway obstruction. World Health organization (WHO) (2010) states that the primary cause of COPD is smoking. However, occupational dusts and chemicals, exposure to indoor air pollution in those, who use biomass and coal for cooking, and frequent lower respiratory infections during childhood can cause it, as well. The nursing process is a four-stage process consisting of assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation. It is an organized planning

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

International Business - Essay Example In the year 1995, Amazon.com launched its first online shopping site, while eBay did their web portal in 1996 (Palmer Kimberly, 2007). 1-1 The development of online shopping In this 21st century, the use of the Internet (World Wide Web) has been through a very dramatic growth of ensuring efficiency, proper connectivity, security, usability and cost effectiveness. These achievements have been realized by getting many of its benefits especially for commercial companies’ positions as was the case in 1993. The World Wide Web was initially developed to be used as a commercial tool, by the British scientist Tim Berners-Lee (Berners-Lee, 2000). Instead of using the Internet solely as a technological tool, it quickly became an effective channel used for the commercial outlet purposes by business vendors and customers who are world wide. By late 2000, the total number of immense internet users had risen to more than 450 million because of its conveniences (Nua, 2012). According to esti mates done by Nua (2012), there were already more than 30 million hosted websites as reported by the various server organizations by 2012 (Web update, www.nua.ie/surveys). The estimated number of users have since its invention increased, signifying that online purchasing and transactions have been on the rise as well (Joines, Scherer & Scheufele, 2003). Online transactions such as purchasing of both goods and services have been cited by many of the web prototypes’ users as advantageous over the traditional techniques that were initially used since web portal applications do not commit consumers to shop at any specific times or specific locations .This advantage of web application has created a quantum leap from the traditional ways of shopping. According to (Joines et al. 2003), online shopping is classified as the most convenient method for customers since all commercial websites provide online visitors with advantages of easily browsing through the available goods and servi ces, and effectively purchasing any of their products and or services at any time by just a click of the button. Equally important, online customers are provided with chat and call applications where they are able to discuss their needs with their product providers and get immediate responses at very low or no costs at all. Additionally, customers have been able to benefit profoundly by using the online transaction methods because of the products’ or services’ reduced prices. Online shoppers are therefore able to shop from any vendor who is offering the desired goods/ services around the world at very low prices. Besides purchasing, no transit charges are appended to small items (Oppenheim et al., 2006). Searching through the internet for products/ services and finding more information about them before doing purchases is always very important to avoid false buying/ purchases. Unlike for the traditional method of

Gender and Women's Studies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gender and Women's Studies - Assignment Example The relevance of Myth of Scarcity to Gender & Women’s Studies relates to the manner in which the men respond to crises, blaming the women, who are incapacitated, for not taking part in solution finding (Rosie the Riveters of World War II). b) An example of White privilege at work is the ability of a white rapper like Eminem to market himself through alternative radio stations such as rock, rap, RnB and pop, whereas the black counterparts seldom receive airplay outside the realm of rap. c) The relevance of White privilege to Gender & Women’s Studies is the manner in which feminine traits are deemed weak. As a result, women end up being paid less than men for performing identical work are. For instance, male clothing designers and chefs are paid more than their female counterparts are (SCWAMP 7). a) Definition: A term used to describe the tactics that are used to make oppression successful by involving the victim in it. The victim is confined in a negative image and message environment, victim hating and violence, with a result of self-blaming and low self-esteem (Pharr 59). c) The Relevance of Blaming the Victim to Gender & Women’s Studies is when the male workers blame the female counterparts for not performing as much as them, as it was the case in the World War II (Rosie the Riveters of World War II). a) Definition: A term used to describe the phenomenon in which the oppressor leads the victim of oppression into believing his or her negative views, with a result of self-hatred, which can be expressed through self-abuse, despair and depression (Pharr 60). a) Definition: A term used to describe the tendency of a member of an oppressed group, who has been led to self-hatred through internalized oppression, to express hatred, prejudice and even lacking hope for the group and its members (Critical Terms Sheet). b) Horizontal Hostility takes place when women, who have been rape victims before, condemn all the subsequent rape victims, terming them as agents

United Kingdom Reforms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

United Kingdom Reforms - Essay Example The act assists buyers to obtain legal redress when they encounter problems with their purchases. The act requires that the supplier should sell goods that fit their description, serve their intended purpose and are of satisfactory quality. The act benefits suppliers, who comply, as they can use their conformity to their advantage, as they use it to boost their consumer relationships. The act essentially aims to protect individual customers from defected or unsafe goods. The Act covers traded contracts made on or after 1 January 1894. Prior before the passing of the 1995 Act, the sale of goods act 1979, (c 54) was applied. This Act of Parliament regulated English contract law as well as the UK commercial law regarding goods traded. The m1979 act merged the original act of 1893 as well as subsequent legislation that consecutively codified and joined the law. Before the 1995 Act, section 16 barred transferring of ownership in goods to the buyer from the seller until the goods were established. Under s.20A of the 1979 Act, as buyer becomes the owner in common bulk2 of property, in an undivided share, in the bulk transferred to him. S.16 of the 1979 act provides that where there is a contract for selling unascertained goods, the property cannot be passed to the buyer unless or until the goods are identified. The buyer acquires no aptness interest in the goods he paid for since he was regarded as an unsecured creditor for the return in price in the occurrence of insolvency. This rendered for the sellers creditors benefitting with an undeserved windfall 3 as they will claim both goods and money paid for them. When all the requirements have been met, the property ownership of the undivided share is given to the purchaser unless both parties agree. The purchased share is a fraction of the bulk goods as an equal owner. Section 61 (1) of the 1979 Act describes the bulk as a collection of goods of the same type contained in the same area or space and is such that goods in the mass are interchangeable with other goods of the same quantity or number. The goods can be ascertained by separation from the bulk through either exhaustion3 or consolidation4. This act was biased to extents that, even if the seller sold all his goods to different clients, thereby divesting himself all interest in the bulk, no property will be passed to the clients until the quant ities have been ascertained. The same applied if the seller became insolvent while the goods were still in bulk or the seller’s creditor arrested the bulk. This entails that the buyers or buyer will have no claim even if they had paid for the goods fully or partly. The buyer will only claim for damages, breach of contract or return of price only as an unsecured creditor 5but will have no equitable interest in the goods. Furthermore, traders who purchased goods either on land or in the course of the sea were concerned of this problem. In addition, suing carriers of goods by sea was covered on agreement  in a bill of lading6 was under the Bills of lading Act1855, covering the transfer of property in the goods by the bill. Therefore, the buyer of part of the bulk had no right of suing the transporter in contract if the goods in transit were missing or damaged. In addition, Section 16 stressed the Lading Bills did not convey the intended meaning by the parties as outlined by th e known Law commission. The parties’

Socialization of Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Socialization of Children - Essay Example It is important that adults should get involved in the child's media use to generate the feeling of assistance, co-ordination and co-operation. Media greatly persuades the minds of children and therefore such means are turning out to be the shapers and culture value transformers. It could be believed that media do fling socialization, although incomplete but it does inculcate the feelings and there could be an obvious alterations in the attitude of the child, modifications in habits and beliefs. This could further be strengthened if co-viewing is done with the adult. Although there are certain repercussions to this also as it takes away the time of the child, social interaction is reduced, there could be more beliefs on fictitious dispositions which generates confusion, it affects the psychology as there are certain values which need to be curtailed otherwise viz. violence, advertising, sexuality etc. Watching more of computer and TV affects the communication and interactive skills a nd also the academics. Parents and associated members of family or society plays vital role in developing the psychology of the child. There are various methods which aid in the development of positive predisposition.

United Kingdom Reforms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

United Kingdom Reforms - Essay Example The act assists buyers to obtain legal redress when they encounter problems with their purchases. The act requires that the supplier should sell goods that fit their description, serve their intended purpose and are of satisfactory quality. The act benefits suppliers, who comply, as they can use their conformity to their advantage, as they use it to boost their consumer relationships. The act essentially aims to protect individual customers from defected or unsafe goods. The Act covers traded contracts made on or after 1 January 1894. Prior before the passing of the 1995 Act, the sale of goods act 1979, (c 54) was applied. This Act of Parliament regulated English contract law as well as the UK commercial law regarding goods traded. The m1979 act merged the original act of 1893 as well as subsequent legislation that consecutively codified and joined the law. Before the 1995 Act, section 16 barred transferring of ownership in goods to the buyer from the seller until the goods were established. Under s.20A of the 1979 Act, as buyer becomes the owner in common bulk2 of property, in an undivided share, in the bulk transferred to him. S.16 of the 1979 act provides that where there is a contract for selling unascertained goods, the property cannot be passed to the buyer unless or until the goods are identified. The buyer acquires no aptness interest in the goods he paid for since he was regarded as an unsecured creditor for the return in price in the occurrence of insolvency. This rendered for the sellers creditors benefitting with an undeserved windfall 3 as they will claim both goods and money paid for them. When all the requirements have been met, the property ownership of the undivided share is given to the purchaser unless both parties agree. The purchased share is a fraction of the bulk goods as an equal owner. Section 61 (1) of the 1979 Act describes the bulk as a collection of goods of the same type contained in the same area or space and is such that goods in the mass are interchangeable with other goods of the same quantity or number. The goods can be ascertained by separation from the bulk through either exhaustion3 or consolidation4. This act was biased to extents that, even if the seller sold all his goods to different clients, thereby divesting himself all interest in the bulk, no property will be passed to the clients until the quant ities have been ascertained. The same applied if the seller became insolvent while the goods were still in bulk or the seller’s creditor arrested the bulk. This entails that the buyers or buyer will have no claim even if they had paid for the goods fully or partly. The buyer will only claim for damages, breach of contract or return of price only as an unsecured creditor 5but will have no equitable interest in the goods. Furthermore, traders who purchased goods either on land or in the course of the sea were concerned of this problem. In addition, suing carriers of goods by sea was covered on agreement  in a bill of lading6 was under the Bills of lading Act1855, covering the transfer of property in the goods by the bill. Therefore, the buyer of part of the bulk had no right of suing the transporter in contract if the goods in transit were missing or damaged. In addition, Section 16 stressed the Lading Bills did not convey the intended meaning by the parties as outlined by th e known Law commission. The parties’

Cybercrime Definition Essay Example for Free

Cybercrime Definition Essay What is this Cyber crime? We read about it in newspapers very often. Lets look at the dictionary definition of Cybercrime: It is a criminal activity committed on the internet. This is a broad term that describes everything from electronic cracking to denial of service attacks that cause electronic commerce sites to lose money. Mr. Pavan Duggal, who is the President of www.cyberlaws.net and consultant, in a report has clearly defined the various categories and types of cybercrimes. Cybercrimes can be basically divided into 3 major categories: 1. Cybercrimes against persons. 2. Cybercrimes against property. 3. Cybercrimes against government. Cybercrimes against persons: Cybercrimes committed against persons include various crimes like transmission of child-pornography, harassment of any one with the use of a computer such as e-mail. The trafficking, distribution, posting, and dissemination of obscene material including pornography and indecent exposure, constitutes one of the most important Cybercrimes known today. The potential harm of such a crime to humanity can hardly be amplified. This is one Cybercrime which threatens to undermine the growth of the younger generation as also leave irreparable scars and injury on the younger generation, if not controlled. A minor girl in Ahmedabad was lured to a private place through cyberchat by a man, who, along with his friends, attempted to gangrape her. As some passersby heard her cry, she was rescued. Another example wherein the damage was not done to a person but to the masses is the case of the Melissa virus. The Melissa virus first appeared on the internet in March of 1999. It spread rapidly throughout computer systems in the United States and Europe. It is estimated that the virus caused 80 million dollars in damages to computers worldwide. In the United States alone, the virus made its way through 1.2 million computers in one-fifth of the countrys largest businesses. David Smith pleaded guilty on Dec. 9, 1999 to state and federal charges associated with his creation of the Melissa virus. There are numerous examples of such computer viruses few of them being Melissa and love bug. Cyberharassment is a distinct Cybercrime. Various kinds of harassment can and do occur in cyberspace, or through the use of cyberspace. Harassment can be sexual, racial, religious, or other.

Change Management in Nursing

Change Management in Nursing A health care setting institution with advanced health technology and high calibers doesnt mean quality nursing care can be offered, unless accompanying with effective clinical leadership. This essay has a strong focus on all aspects of clinical leadership. A case will be used to find out how should effective leadership skill be. Both internal and external factors should be analysed. The latter factors can be found out by PESTEL. Change management is helpful to develop strategies for handling the issue. In recommendations, teamwork, power, communication and presentation skills, conflict management, emotional intelligence and autocratic leadership style all are crucial to solve the issue and a clinician should equip with them. Before concluding all the discussion, training myself as a reflective practitioner is helpful to develop my future practice. Clinical leadership- What is this? It has various definitions. Harper (1995, p.81) defines a clinical leader as one who possesses clinical expertise in specialty practice area and who uses interpersonal skills to enable nurses and other healthcare providers to deliver quality patient care. More elaborately, it also involves an environment where nurses are empowered and where there is a vision for the future. Clinical leadership requires leadership skills for team building, confidence and respect of others, as well as vision and empowerment. Equally important, clinical leaders must also be good communicators. Meanwhile, Stanley (2006) suggests not only the abovementioned elements clinical leaders have to demonstrate, but also the followings- approachable and role model. Approachable means a clinical leader should be friendly and openness rather than controlling and dictatorial (Stanley, 2006). Role model means clinical leader who serves as an example, whose behaviour is emulated by other nurses (Stanley, 2006). To summ arise the above elements, clinical leadership is effective if clinical leaders are expert in their field, and because they are approachable, effective communicators and empowered, are able to become a role model, motivating other nurses by matching their values and beliefs about nursing and care to their practice (Stanley, 2006). Leadership is important in healthcare today. In Hong Kong, Hospital Authority emphasises any potential or experienced leaders should be educated and trained. Enhancing professional competencies and building up effective leadership is the top priority. In action, providing simulation skill-based training for nurses; developing new in-house specialty training programs for nurses; offering corporate scholarship for overseas training; creating full-time executive development positions; organising senior executive development program and other leadership development all are beneficial to nurture competent clinical leaders (Hospital Authority annual plan, 2010). Case scenario This short paragraph is going to describe a case I experienced at my area of practice. Having been a senior nurse at my workplace, I am mainly responsible for nursing administration, such as arranging vacation leave for my colleagues. One day, one of my subordinates requested annual leave during the Chinese Lunar New Year as she hasnt been a long vacation leave during the festival for a few years. Her request was simply rejected because of compelling reason- inadequate manpower. I think it was reasonable to reject her request. However, the colleague had seemed disappointed my decision and complained this incident to my senior. It is time for me to contemplate which aspect, for example, communication and interpersonal skills or poor decision making, which I was doing wrong in this leadership issue. In short, there might be conflict issues between the subordinate and senior. Analysis There are many external factors which affecting the leadership issue. It is important to reveal them so as to maximize the opportunities and minimize the threats to my work environment. PESTEL is an analytical tool to help decision-maker to consider what external factors are important. Political, economic, social, technological, ethical and legal factors or PESTEL factors in short should be discovered. The following grid shows the analysis: Any inequality legislation committed due to subordinates request being rejected A lot of alternative nursing employment may contribute staff submitted resignation Staff social life may be affected due to imbalance work and social time Outdated IT equipments impede work flow and efficiency Unfair to the subordinate or not, lack of respect as her wish is rejected Take precaution of any changes in employees holidays policy/protocol Having listed the key factor in each PESTEL area, elaboration will be given regarding to individual area. Political factor can be interpreted as what is happening politically in the environment in which a decision-maker operates (Mennen, 2007). A decision-maker should pay attention that any inequality ordinance may be committed, for subordinates request for holidays during public holidays is refused. Economic factor can be interpreted as what is happening within the economy (Mennen, 2007). A decision-maker should take notice on every decision. Careless decision may incur angry healthcare staff submitted resignation, for there are a lot of nursing vacancies offered by other clinics, hospitals and old age homes. Social factor can be interpreted as what is occurring socially in an environment in which a decision-maker operates (Mennen, 2007). Having vacation leave during special festival is a reasonable desire for all shift-based healthcare staff. A decision-maker may be in dilemma whos e staff can have vacation leave as manpower is so tight. Technological factor can be interpreted as what is happening in technology which can impact what a decision-maker does (Mennen, 2007). In this regard, outdated healthcare technology can affect the leadership issue also. Inefficacy may be caused by the outdated equipment results time-consuming in a simple procedure, such as preparing a roster for frontline staff. Ethical factor can be interpreted as what is right or wrong philosophically (Mennen, 2007). A decision-maker should underscore any decided judgment should be morally acceptable, such as frontline staffs request should be fairly arranged. Prejudice and bias should be avoided. Legal factor can be interpreted as what is happening with changes to legislation (Mennen, 2007). A decision-maker should update his/her understanding in any staff vacation leave protocol or policy in order to maintain the staff maximum benefit. To make a brief summary, PESTEL can enable an organiza tion to anticipate future threats and take action to escape from their impact. Change management The term-change management is coined by Lewin (1951).Change management model is known as unfreeze, change and refreeze (Mind Tools Ltd, 2010). Change is unavoidable of something is needed to be amended. This paragraph is going to explore how the change management model can be applied in the clinical issue. Before application, force field analysis should be performed. The analysis starts from the premise that any situation is held in a stable position by a series of equal and opposite forces. Change occurs about when the forces become out of balance. The analysis is useful when a decision-maker knows where he/she wants to go but is stuck. The following shows the analysis: Restraining forces forces Pushing forces Maintaining adequate manpower is the top priority Staff discontents the holiday during the Chinese New Year Poor mood and low work efficiency due to no holidays during the special festival Power and discipline are paramount to uphold better patient services/benefit Involved staff politicizes the issue (i.e. complaint the issue to management level) Frontline staff is an important asset in caring-demand work environment To execute change, pushing forces must be greater than restricting forces and the need for change has been recognized. In application of the Lewin (1951) model, the first step should prepare the organization to accept that change is necessary, which involves break down the existing status quo before building up a new way for the next stage (Paton McCalman, 2008). In practical step, ensuring there is strong support from management team. Compelling message should be disseminated vacation leave during special festival is possible if manpower is enough. Maintaining stable manpower is essential to provide quality nursing care. At the same time, managerial staff should remain open to subordinates concerns and address in terms of the need to change. The second stage is where people begin to resolve their uncertainty and look for new ways to do things. People start to believe and act in ways that support the new direction (Paton McCalman, 2008). In practical step, effective communication and empowerment are significant. More clearly, managerial staff should prepare every staff for what is happening if staff requests annual leave during special festival. Also, explanations exactly by the managerial staff how the changes will affect every staff. The third stage is when the change (i.e. no one is approval for vacation leave during special festival unless manpower is allowed) is taking shape and subordinates have embraced the new ways of protocol, the organization is ready to refreeze (Paton McCalman, 2008). In practical step, the organisation should anchor the changes into the culture. Establishing feedback system is helpful to sustain the change. Having vacation leave immediately after special festival is encouraged. Recommendations There are six recommendations to solve the leadership issue. The concept of teamwork should be imparted into the ward practice. Nursing care is teamwork-based. The importance of teamwork should not be ignored. Teamwork in health care can be defined as a dynamic process involving two or more health care professionals with complementary backgrounds and skills, sharing common health goals and exercising collaborated physical and mental effort in assessing, planning, or evaluating client care (Agich, 1982). I have to explain her that the importance of teamwork. All colleagues need to understand how important it is for them to work smoothly together if they want to provide quality care. All colleagues must be dedicated to the whole nursing team and be willing to act unselfishly. In other words, sacrifice, in a certain extent, is necessary. To build up teamwork culture, making sure that the team goals are completely clear and understood and accepted by each frontline staff. In addition, I have to be careful with interpersonal issues. Early recognising them and dealing with them in full are highly recommended. Power There is a famous proverb-nothing can be done without power (Power, 1999). The appropriate use of power is important for clinical leadership, for a healthcare setting environment depends on social relationship based on power. Power (1999) defines power in terms of control or influence over the behaviour of other with or without their consent. Power can be classified as physical, position, resources, expert and intuitive. Position rather than other power should be used in the issue. Position power equals legitimate power. It means occupancy of a role entitles one to the rights of that role in the organization (Power, 1999). As a decision-maker, I have considerable right to determine something. Not approving staff with vacant leave during the special festival during the Chinese New Year is a logical and reasonable decision. Both parties interest (i.e. patient and ward) can be preserved. Presentation and communication skills Oral communication skills consistently rank near the top of competencies valued by clinical leaders. As a clinical leader, promoting positive workplace relations through conservation is highly recommended (Burnard, 1997).. In the leadership issue, I have to offer constructive criticism pertinent to the issue rather than directly rejecting her request. Think currently about what I want to say is the first step. Next, be specific in conveying core message during face-to-face communication. Clear rather than vague assertion is preferred. I do wish there is enough manpower during the special festival so you can have holiday us better than your request is banned due to inadequate manpower. On the one hand, I have to offer help and empathy her. More clearly, holiday after the special festival should be arranged immediately and understanding that the mood of no holiday during the festival. Conflict management Since different staff will have different viewpoints, ideas and desire, conflict is unavoidable in any group. The sources of conflict are disagreement on how things should be done, personal interest as well as tension and stress (Shortell Kaluzny, 1997). The outcomes of conflict include polarization, low morale and regrettable behaviours produced. Therefore, conflict should be well encouraged In this regard, understanding how conflicts arise is important. Obviously, the above mentioned conflict can be categorized as personal interest (i.e. requesting on holidays during the special festival). To handle the conflict due to personal interest, compromise or negotiation is effective to settle down the incident. I have to talk with her gently as manpower is too tense, your compromise is critical. At the same time, I have to manage the issue intelligently, banning her request straightforwardly seems provoking her emotion. Rather, I have to refuse her request euphemistically. For example, y our request must be approved if manpower is enough. Emotional intelligence Emotional intelligence is recognition of our own feelings and those of others (,). A clinical leader who accurately perceives others emotions can handle change better and build stronger social networks. To achieve so, three emotional intelligence skills a clinical leader should possess. The skills include social skills, motivation and self-awareness. Social skills are the ability to influence or persuade others (Pahl, 2008). Good communication skill is a typical example. Motivation is able to enjoy challenges and be passionate about work and initiate optimism (Pahl, 2008). Motivating all frontline staff to work at the special festival is a big challenge task. Self awareness is a deep understanding of ones emotions or self-assessment in short (Pahl, 2008). Understanding my own strengths and weaknesses is helpful to deal with emotional event. Authoritarian Autocratic rather than laissez-faire and democratic styles should be considered. Autocratic style is an autocratic leader who is directive and makes decisions for a group. Being autocratic does not mean the leader is a dictator. Instead, the leader usually provides direction and makes decisions (Northhouse, 2010). Meanwhile, laisser-faire style is noninterference in the affairs of others and democratic style is subordinates have an equal say in the decision-making process (Northhouse, 2010). In the leadership issue, if a lot of subordinates requests annual leave during the special festival, inadequate manpower is guaranteed. Therefore, laissez-faire and democratic styles mustnt be adopted because it is impossible for subordinates to freely choose the period of vacation leave. To prevent any chaos in holiday arrangement, autocratic style is the best style to be adopted. Development of future practice This experience should be in my heart because the experience I engaged is helpful to my future practice. Reflective practice is highly recommended. It is associated with learning from past experience, and is regarded as an important strategy for health professionals who embrace lifelong learning (Johns, 2009). Due to the ever changing context of healthcare, there is a high level of demand on healthcare professionals expertise. Healthcare professionals could benefit from reflective practice, since the act of reflection is seen as a way of promoting the development of autonomous and qualified professionals. Engaging in reflective practice is associated with the improvement of the quality of care and stimulating professional growth. In practical step, there are several frameworks for reflection, for instance, Gibbs reflective cycle. Gibbs (1998) developed the reflective cycle in order to provide structure for reflecting on a nursing situation. The cycle involves six phases. The first ph ase is to describe what happen (i.e. the case scenario). The second phase is to think and feel about the scenario (i.e. unwisely to handle the issue). The third phase is to evaluate what was good and bad about the experience (i.e. adequate manpower can be maintained but the involved subordinate become angry). The fourth phase is to analyse what sense can I make of the issue (i.e. managing conflict of personal interest intelligently). The fifth phase is to think what else could I have done (i.e. managing conflict tactically). The final phase is to prepare contingency plan (i.e. if it arose again, what would I do). Conclusion So far, all aspects of clinical leadership have been covered. To solve the issue due to personal interest, negotiation with involved staff, wisely-used conflict management skills, fully utilizing position power and compelling presentation skills all are constructive to the issue. Before settling down the issue, both PESTEL analysis and change management should be engaged. The strengths of the above are to discover any threats as soon as possible and implement related changes immediately. Successful settling down the issue doesnt mean a clinical leader demonstrates effective clinical leadership. As clinical leadership is a persistent phenomena performed by a clinical leader, reflective skill a clinical leader should have so as to enhance clinical leadership in an advanced level. (Words: 2711)

Fire on the Home Front - The Possessive :: Possessive Essays

Fire on the Home Front - The Possessive  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   General Douglas Macarthur said that "the best time to meet the threat [of war] is in the beginning. It is easier to put out a fire in the beginning when it is small than after it has become a roaring blaze" (qtd. in Urofsky, part 9). The mother in Sharon Olds' "The Possessive" undoubtedly feels the same way. War is a terrible time between two or more nations that fight to part from each other or for some other reason; nations fight over property rights and independence. In "The Possessive," Olds uses powerful images of war, such as helmets, blades, and fires to show how her daughter is similar to a warring country that has pulled away from her.    Sharon Olds states "In her bright helmet / she looks at me as if across a great distance" (Olds, 506). The helmet exemplifies the imagery that Olds uses to show the warlike tone in her poem. In modern day wars people see pictures of Cruise missiles and Stealth Bombers on CNN. However, when asked what they envision when they think about war, some will talk about guns, knives, helmets, and fires. As Olds talks about her daughter, she realizes that there is an impending battle yet to come. This battle, too, will be about possession. When her daughter sits in the barber's chair, Olds realizes that her daughter will soon reach her teens. The teenage years are a time when parents battle over cars, boys, and other rights with there children. The children and parents will fight over haircutting rights. As Olds reports, her daughter "has been to the barber, that knife grinder, / and had the edge of her hair sharpened" (506). Knife grinding and sharp objects are another image of war. Soldiers must be sure that their instruments are perfectly sharp if they want to win the war. The first time Olds things about the upcoming battle occurs during the warlike image of the haircut. These first warlike images set the tone of the rest of the piece.    The most vivid and important warlike image that Olds uses in "The Possessive" is the image of fire. The fire imagery appears more than once in the piece. Olds writes that "Distant fires can be / glimpsed in the resin light of her eyes" (506).

Relationships Between Vietnam Soldiers and Their Families :: Vietnam War Essays

The relationship between the soldiers of the Vietnam War was different from the relationships with people from home. The soldiers felt as if they could not tell the whole truth about the war through their eyes to their loved ones at home. The soldiers that they were with all the time understood the pain and confusion each other felt, yet no one talked about it. War changed how people had relationships with others. War could bring people closer or tear them apart. The relationships between the soldiers and their families grew or forced them to become distant. The soldier did not want to worry his parents at home and knew that they would not understand what he was going through. In the Documentary Dear America: Letters Home from Vietnam, directed by Bill Couturie, showed these relationships change. One soldier writes to his mother and tells her that for a second, he felt as if he was on vacation because it was so beautiful in Vietnam. One had to think that this man wrote this to his mother only for her to worry less. He did not want to tell her the whole truth on what was really going on inside of him. Would anyone from the outside world understand? "P.S. tell mom not to worry, there is nothing I can't handle." The soldiers could handle the physical horrors that were happening to them, but the mental status of many the soldiers were becoming breakable. How could you tell someone not to worry about you, when you do not even care what was going t o happen to yourself. The soldiers were all prepared to die, but waiting was what was driving them crazy. They did not want to tell their 17-year-old girlfriend at home this because she would never understand. How do you tell someone that you love that you are loosing your mind and do even know who the enemy is anymore? Downplaying the whole war situation to your loved one was the only way to keep yourself sane and not make them worry too much about you. All of the men were scared, yet did not know how to show it. They could not show it to their families in letters because that could do nothing but make your mother worry that you were not going to make it. "We all scared, one can see this emotion in each individual, some hide it with their mouth and others hide it with their actions.